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281 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a localized accumulation of products of inflammation
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abscess
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an acanthocephalan larval stage between an acanthor and a cystacanth
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acanthella
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the acanthocephalan larval stage that hatches from the egg
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acanthor
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a sucker not surrounding a mouth
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acetabulum
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a cestode proglottid that does not overlap the one posterior to it
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acraspedote
|
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secondary immune response to an environmental allergen
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allergic reaction
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chitinized spear-like structure in male Anoplura
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adeagus
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general term for a developmental stage capable of producing gametes
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adult
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lateral expansions of the cuticle of nematodes
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ala
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a form of Trypanosomatidae with a short flagellum
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amastigote
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irregular and changeable in shape; movement by extension of pseudopodia
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ameoboid
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a structure in merozoites and sporozoites of Apicomplexa, comprising a polar ring, conoid, and rhoptries, that aids penetration of host cells
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apical complex
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a fluke with the ventral sucker located at the posterior end of the body
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amphistome
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a cestode proglottid that does not detach from the strobila
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anapolytic
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any unusually large, hard, recurved structure used to aid attachment
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anchor
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detachment of a tapeworm proglottid
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apolysis
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located on the side of the body opposite to the genital pore
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aporal
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a blind-ending offshoot of the digestive tract
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appendix
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possessing spines, hooks, or other hardened structures
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armed
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for parasites that normally transmit from host to host by a free-living stage, the rapid development and establishment of a parasite in the same host individual from which it originate
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autoinfection
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a tube-like organelle in some flagellate protozoans
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axostyle
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a mode of reproduction of unicellular organisms in which internal organelles are duplicated and then cytokinesis takes place
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binary fission
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in Cestoda, a larval form in which one or more scoleces develep in a fluid-filled cyst
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bladder larva
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a muscular projection of the side of the scolex of some tapeworms
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bothridium
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a capsule developing within a hydatid cyst, lined with germinal epithelium and capable of asexual production of protoscoleces
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brood capsule
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a muscular longitudinal groove on the scolex of some tapeworms
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bothrium
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the lining of the oral cavity
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buccal capsule
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a non-living structure used for attachment
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bulla
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an external male copulatory appendage, used to grip the female during mating
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bursa
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the region of the mouthparts in a tick
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capitulum
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a dorsal shield
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carapace
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pertaining to the tail or posterior region
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caudal
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a blind-ending pouch leading off of an intestine
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cecum
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glands in male Acanthocephala whose secretions form a copulatory plug on the female
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cement gland
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receptacle for secretions of the acanthocephalan cement gland
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cement reservoir
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pertaining to the head or anterior end
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cephalic
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a body region formed by fusion of the head and thorax
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cephalothorax
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a free-living stage of Digenea, usually possessing a tail
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cercaria
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a vestigial structure formed on larval Cestoda, containing the embryonic hooks
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cercomer
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pertaining to the head or anterior end
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cervical
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a late copepodid stage of some parasitic Copepoda, that possesses a filament for anchoring
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chalimus
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the piercing mouthparts of Arachnida
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chelicera
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directed movement with respect to a chemical gradient
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chemotaxis
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a tough, high molecular weight polymer used in construction of body parts of some invertebrates
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chitin
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motile, short, cylindrical organelle containing a longitudinal bundle of microtubules and surrounded by a plasma membrane, usually present in large numbers
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cilium
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the copulatory organ of Platyhelminthes
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cirrus
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an internal sac surrounding the terminal male genitalia of Platyhelminmthes
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cirrus pouch
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a complex set of sclerotized bars forming a pinching organ
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clamp
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an internal chamber containing the outlets of the digestive and urogenital systems
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cloaca
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general term applied to apicomplexan parasites which transmit by oocysts passed in the feces
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coccidia
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a bladder larva of Cestoda from which several scoleces bud from the internal germinative epithelium
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coenurus
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viral disease causing fever and muscle pains
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Colorado tick fever
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vitelline glands coalesced into a single mass
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compact vitellarium
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a larval stage of Copepoda, between nauplius and adult
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copepodid
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an external male copulatory appendage, used to grip the female during mating
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copulatory bursa
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a cestode oncosphere enclosed within a ciliated membrane and capable of swimming
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coracidium
|
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a more-or-less worldwide geographic distribution
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cosmopolitan
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a cestode proglottid that partially overlaps the one posterior to it
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craspedote
|
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a schizont of Plasmodium spp. that develops outside of the circulatory system
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cryptozoite
|
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the non-living body covering of Nematoda and Arthropoda
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cuticle
|
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general term for a membranous envelope of parasite origin, usually enclosing a larval parasite
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cyst
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the larval stage of Acanthocephala that precedes the adult, it is usually encysted
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cystacanth
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a solid-bodied larva of Cestoda
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cysticeroid
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a bladder larva of cestoda from which a single scolex buds internally
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cysticercus
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gland producing secretions which form a cyst around a parasite
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cystogenous gland
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separation of a single cell into two or more
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cytokinesis
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a larval stage of Digenea produced by a mother sporocyst; it lacks a gut and is capable of asexual reproduction of either rediae or cercariae
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daughter sporocyst
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a larval stage of Digenea produced by a mother redia; it possesses a gut and produces cercaria asexually
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daughter redia
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a host in which the adult stage of a parasite lives
|
definitive host
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a specialized cervical papilla
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deirid
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possessing separate sexes
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dioecious
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a type of metacercaria in some Strigeiformes characterized by an oval shape with anterolateral pseudosuckers, living encysted in host tissue
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diplostomulum
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a life cycle involving only one host
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direct life cycle
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a lateral, often branched, offshoot of part of the digestive system; often present in large numbers
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diverticulum
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molting of a cuticle
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ecdysis
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a series of protective membranes enclosing a zygote and any subsequent developmental stages until their emergence from the membranes
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egg
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in Nematoda and Acanthocephala, the terminal portion of the male reproductive system which connects to the cloaca and expels spermatozoa during copulation
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ejaculatory duct
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formation of a capsule of host tissue around a parasite as a host defense response
|
encapsulation
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RNA rich structure within the nucleus of some Protozoa
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endosome
|
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possessing a swollen body after taking a blood meal
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engorged
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a nematode larva which retains the cuticle from a previous molt
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ensheathed
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a form of Trypanosomatidae with the flagellum arising anterior to the nucleus; and possessing and undulating membrane
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epimastigote
|
|
the later part of the life cycle of malarial organisms in which erythrocytes of the vertebrate host are involved
|
erythrocytic cycle
|
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the muscular or glandular portion of the digestive tract between the mouth and stomach or intestine
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esophagus
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a bladder into which the excretory ducts empty
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excretory vesicle
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the release of microgamete from a microgametocyte of malarial organisms
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exflagellation
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the first part of the life cycle of malarial organisms in which tissues of the vertebrate host other than the blood are involved
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exoerythrocytic cycle
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rectangular areas separated by grooves along the posterior dorsal margin of ticks
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festoon
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possessing a simple, tubular esophagus
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filariform
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motile, long, cylindrical organelle containing a longitudinal bundle of microtubules and surrounded by a plasma membrane; usually present singly or in small numbers
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flagellum
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common name for Digenea and Monogenea
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fluke
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vitelline glands present as small follicles dispersed throughout the body, connected by a system of ducts
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follicular vitellaria
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an external, sclerotized, forked structure used for attachment
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furca
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a cercaria possessing a forked tail
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furcocercous
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sexual stage of Sporozoa
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gametocyte
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common external opening of the male and female reproductive systems
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genital pore
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an external depression (usually) containing the genital pore
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genital atrium
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a small collection of cells in a larval organism from which the reproductive tract will develop
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genital primordium
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a cell layer capable of giving rise asexually to new individuals
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germinal epithelium
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a macroscopic nuclei in the body wall of some Acanthocephala
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giant nucleus
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body region containing the mouthparts
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gnathosoma
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appendages surrounding the genital opening of female Anoplura
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gonopod
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a site of inflammatory cell reaction at a site of infection
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granuloma
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containing fully developed eggs
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gravid
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a proglottid containing a uterus with fully developed eggs and in which other components of the male and female reproductive system have fully or partially degenerated
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gravid proglottid
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a sclerotized structure on the dorsal wall of the cloaca of Nematoda, used to support the spicules
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gubernaculum
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a ventral longitudinal groove in the surface of male Schistosomatidae
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gynecophoric canal
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an oval organ on the tarsus of ticks
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Haller's organ
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large hooks on the opisthaptor of Monogenea
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hamulus
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an individual possessing male and female reproductive systems (not necessarily simultaneously)
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hermaphrodite
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a life cycle in which more than one host individual is parasitized
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heteroxenous
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a six-hooked embryo of cestoda
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hexacanth
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a life cycle in which only one host is parasitized
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homoxenous
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a hard, curved structure, usually of complex shape, used for attachment of parasite to a host
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hook
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degree to which a parasite is capable of infecting and developing within only a limited number of host species
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host specificity
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clear and acellular
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hyaline
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a bladder larva of Cestoda characterized by internal (and often external) chambers lined by germinal epithelium
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hydatid
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a skeletal system in which support is derived by internal fluid pressure
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hydrostatic skeleton
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sclerotized, median, ventral mouthparts of ticks, often with recurved teeth used for attachment
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hypostome
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body segment of Cestoda containing only rudiments of the genital organs
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immature proglottid
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a life cycle in which at least one of the larval stages is parasitic, in a different host than the adult
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indirect life cycle
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a required host infected by a larval parasite
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intermediate host
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an expansion of the vas deferens within the cirrus pouch to store sperm prior to copulation
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internal seminal vesicle
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first through fourth juvenile, or larval, stages of nematodes
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J1-J4
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an immature individual, often resembling the adult but lacking fully-developed reproductive organs
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juvenile
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large nuceolar bodies in the centre of nuclei of some Protozoa
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karyosome
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a conspicuous part of the mitochondrion of Trypanosomatidae
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kinetoplast
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a centriole from which an axoneme arises
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kinetosome
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first through fourth larval stages of nematodes
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L1-L4
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a canal within the tegument of Acanthocephala
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lacuna
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a ladder-like network of lacunae
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lacunar system
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general term for any life cycle stage between egg and adult. In insects, it is the stage which hatches from the egg
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larva
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producing eggs which hatch within the female and emerge as larvae
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larviparous
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a blind canal terminating at the base of the seminal receptable in Digenea; possibly a vestigial vagina
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Laurer's canal
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paired structure attached to the inner, posterior part of the neck of Acanthocephala
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lemniscus
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one or two thin sacs arising at the base of proboscis receptacle of Acanthocephala and extending to near the genital pore; the reproductive organs are enclosed
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ligament sacs
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a fleshy projection around the oral opening of nematodes
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lip
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a sucker-like depression
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loculus
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ciliated, 10-hooked larva of Cestodaria
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lycophore
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a female gamete
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macrogamete
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the larger of two types of nucleus found in Ciliata, mainly concerned with daily activities such as feeding and maintenance
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macronucleus
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ornamental surface projections
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mammilae
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one of the paired mouthparts of Arthropoda
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mandible
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a small hook, usually occurring in large numbers around the periphery of a complex attachment organ
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marginal hooklet
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body segment of Cestoda containing functional male and female reproductive organs
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mature proglottid
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one of the paired mouthparts of Arthropoda
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maxilla
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one of the paired head appendages of Crustacea
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maxilliped
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unicellular glands surrounding the ootype of Platyhelminthes
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Mehli's gland
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a daughter cell resulting from schizogony
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merozoite
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unencysted larval form between cercaria and metacercaria; only in Alaria
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mesocercaria
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last larval stage of Digenea; usually encysted
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metacercaria
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a larval cestode that is infective to the definitive host
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metacestode
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a merozoite developed from a cryptozoite
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metacryptozoite
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stumpy trypomastigote lacking a free flagellum that is found in vector and is infective to the vertebrate host
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metacyclic trypanosome
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division of the body into a succession of similar or identical segments
|
metamerism
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a poorly differentiated first stage larva released by some nematodes into the bloodstream of their host
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microfilaria
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a male gamete
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microgamete
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the smaller of two types of nuclei found in Ciliata, mainly concerned with reproduction
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micronucleus
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the ciliated larva of Digenea that hatches from the egg
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miracidium
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compartmentalized, membranous organelle containing enzyme systems for energy metabolism
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mitochondrion
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a fluke lacking a ventral sucker
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monostome
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possessing one set of reprodutive organs
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monozoic
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a larval stage of Digenea formed after penetration of the miracidium into a mollusc; it lacks a gut and gives rise asexually to daughter sporocysts or rediae
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mother sporocyst
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a larval stage of Digenea formed after penetration of a miracidium into a mollusc, or produced by a mother sporocyst; it has a gut and produces daughter redia asexually
|
mother redia
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a hydatid cyst with a thin, external cyst wall and asexually budding in internal brood capsules as well as externally-budding brood capsules
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multilocular hydatid
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a larval stage of Copepoda that hatches from the egg
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nauplius
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a type of metacercaria of Strigeiformes in which there is a thin, loose-fitting cyst wall
|
neascus
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in Cestoda, a region of active cell division immediately posterior to teh scolex, from which new proglottids are formed; in Acanthocephala, the region between the most posterior hook of the proboscis and the proboscis sheath
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neck
|
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attainment of sexual maturity in a life cycle stage otherwise possessing larval characteristics
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neotenic
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common term fro the egg of a sucking louse
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nit
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a larval stage of Arthropoda that resembles the adult
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nymph
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the ciliated larva of Monogenea that hatches from the egg
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oncomiracidium
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the six-hooked embryo that develops within the egg of Cestoda
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oncosphere
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a tick that attaches to one host as a larva, and stays on that host until development is complete and mating has occurred
|
one-host tick
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a cyst containing sporozoites in the Apicomplexa
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oocyst
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the motile zygote of malarial organisms
|
ookinete
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the region of the female reproductive system in Platyhelminthes that is surrounded by Mehli's gland and receives ducts from the vitellaria and seminal receptacle
|
ootype
|
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a lid-like region on an egg that allows the larva to escape
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operculum
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posterior attachment organ on Monogenea
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opisthaptor
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fragments of ovary of Acanthocephala that float free in the body cavity until fertilization
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ovarian ball
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organ of female reproductive system that produces ova
|
ovary
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a short duct that carries ova from the ovary to the ootype
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oviduct
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a muscular modification at the termination of the female reproductive tract of Nematoda that controls the release of eggs
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ovijector
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external appendage on female Crustacea in which eggs are brooded until they hatch
|
ovisac
|
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an external projection of the cuticle or tegument
|
papilla
|
|
a Golgi body connected by a filament to a kinetosome
|
parabasal body
|
|
a measure of the number of parasites present in the peripheral blood
|
parasitemia
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a host in which a parasite survives, and can be transmitted to another host, but does not develop
|
paratenic host
|
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cellular matrix within which the internal organs of Platyhelminthes are contained
|
parenchyma
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development of an unfertilized egg into a new individual
|
parthenogenetic
|
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lateral jointed oral appendages on Arachnida
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pedipalp
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occurring on a stalk
|
pedunculate
|
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the thick, often sculptured external coat of many Protozoa
|
pellicle
|
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organ of the male reproductive system used to introduce spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
|
penis
|
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muscular pumping organ at posterior of esophagus
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pharynx
|
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a lateral sensory pit on the tail of some Nematoda
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phasmid
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leaf-like lateral projections on the scolex of some Cestoda
|
phyllidea
|
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last larval form found in the second intermediate host of many Cestoda with aquatic life cycles
|
plerocercoid
|
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chitinized regions on the sides of the abdomen of Insecta
|
pleural plate
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the proboscis, neck and supporting structures and organs in Acanthocephala
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presoma
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a protrusible, armed attachment organ in Acanthocephala
|
proboscis
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a muscular sac at the anterior end of Acanthocephala into which the proboscis may be withdrawn
|
proboscis sheath/ receptacle
|
|
larval form found in the first intermediate host of many Cestoda with aquatic life cycles
|
procercoid
|
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a single segment of strobila of Cestoda
|
proglottid
|
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anterior attachment organ of Monogenea
|
prohaptor
|
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a form of Trypanosomatidae with the flagellum arising anterior to the nucleus, and lacking an undulating membrane
|
promastigote
|
|
secretory structure located within the cirrus pouch of Digenea
|
prostate gland
|
|
in hermaphrodites, the development of the male reproductive system before the female system
|
protandry
|
|
the juvenile scolex formed by asexual budding within the coenurus or hydatid larvae of Cestoda
|
protoscolex
|
|
possessing internal organs that float free within the coelom, not covered by a peritoneum
|
pseudocoelomate
|
|
an intracellular accumulation of protozoans causing enlargement of the host cell and giving the appearance of a cyst, but not surrounded by a cyst wall of parasite origin
|
pseudocyst
|
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an extension of the body of Protozoa used for locomotion
|
pseudopodium
|
|
a modification of the body surface that functions as a sucker but bears no morphological resemblance to one
|
pseudosucker
|
|
a life cycle stage in insects in which major morphological transformations from a worm-like larva to a winged adult occur
|
pupa
|
|
an intramolluscan stage of digeneans, possessing a gut
|
redia
|
|
young erythrocytes that have recently lost their nucleus
|
reticulocyte
|
|
a type of autoinfection whereby larval parasites just passed in the host's feces re-enter the anus and establish a new infection
|
retroinfection
|
|
possessing an esophagus with a narrow central region and a terminal bulb
|
rhabditiform
|
|
the young trophozoite of Plasmodium spp., so named because a large central vacuole and peripheral nucleus give it the appearance of a signet ring
|
ring stage
|
|
a central protrusion, eversible or not, on the scolex of some Cestoda
|
rostellum
|
|
a fluid-filled, muscular sac used to manipulate the copulatory bursa of male Acanthocephala
|
Saeffitigen's pouch
|
|
a migratory stage between cercaria and adult of the schistosomes; equivalent to the metacercarial stage in other digeneans
|
schistosomule
|
|
a form of asexual reproduction characterized by multiple mitoses and cytokineses that form numerous daughter cells
|
schizogony
|
|
a cell undergoing schizogony in which the cytokineses are not complete
|
schizont
|
|
stippling present on the membrane of erythrocytes infected with some species of Plasmodium, visible only under proper staining
|
Schuffner's dots
|
|
a hardened, curved structure usually supporting a clamp
|
sclerite
|
|
partially composed of sclerotin, a highly resistant and insoluble protein of arthropods and some other invertebrates
|
sclerotized
|
|
the attachment organ of Cestoda
|
scolex
|
|
a dorsal plate covering the entire dorsal surface of some adult male ticks, and the anterior dorsal surface of nymphs and females
|
scutum
|
|
damage of host tissues by one species of parasite that enables entry of other species of pathogen
|
secondary infection
|
|
a tick larva
|
seed tick
|
|
a collection of cells in the reproductive tract of female Acanthocephala that forms a series of channels capable of directing immature eggs back into the pseudocoele and passing mature eggs into the uterus
|
selector apparatus
|
|
organ of female genital system used to receive and store spermatozoa
|
seminal receptacle
|
|
a distal expansion of vas deferens
|
seminal vesicle
|
|
not elevated above the substrate on any sort of stalk
|
sessile
|
|
fine external spine or hair
|
seta
|
|
general term referring to the main body region excluding appendages
|
soma
|
|
organ of female genital system used to receive and store sperm
|
spermatheca
|
|
sclerotized rods, often of complex shape, present in the cloaca of male Nematoda and used to guide spermatozoa during copulation
|
spicule
|
|
a short, rigid external projection on the body, often used to aid attachment
|
spine
|
|
lateral opening of the respiratory system of some Arthropoda
|
spiracular plate
|
|
small, non-motile transmission stage containing a single infective organism; resistant to environmental conditions
|
spore
|
|
a cell that produces a spore
|
sporoblast
|
|
an early developmental stage capable of asexual reproduction
|
sporocyst
|
|
multiple fission of a zygote that forms large numbers of sporozoites
|
sporogony
|
|
amoeboid transmission stage of Myxospora
|
sporoplasm
|
|
a daughter cell resulting from sporogony within an occyst
|
sporozoite
|
|
the process of forming spores or sporozoites
|
sporulation
|
|
the mid-ventral region
|
sternum
|
|
a column of stichocytes that surround and secrete into the esophagus of Trichurata
|
stichosome
|
|
the region of the oral opening
|
stoma
|
|
the region of the body of Cestoda that is posterior to the neck, and is usually segmented
|
strobila
|
|
a type of cysticercus in which some segmentation is already evident
|
strobilocercus
|
|
a short, sharp spine often used to aid penetration of a host
|
stylet
|
|
occurring close to, but not at, an extremity
|
subterminal
|
|
a (usually) circular structure with some mechanism to grip another surface within its margins
|
sucker
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shallow depression in ventral surface of some Protozoa which aid attachment to host; the beating of flagella lowers pressure in the disk area
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sucking disk
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a fusion of cell bodies but with retention of separate nuclei
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syncytium
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terminal segment on limb of Arthropoda
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tarsus
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the living, syncytial external layer on the body of Platyhelminthes and Acanthocephala
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tegument
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organ that produces spermatozoa
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testis
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a type of metacercaria of Strigeiformes in which there is a thick, tight fitting cyst wall
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tetracotyle
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mid-body region of Arthropoda from which limbs emerge
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thorax
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the limb segment of Arthropoda from which the tarsus arises
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tibia
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a non-reproductive, feeding stage of Protozoa
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trophozoite
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general term for main body region excluding appendages
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trunk
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a form of Trypanosomatidae with the flagellum arising posterior to the nucleus, and possessing an undulating membrane
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trypomastigote
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lacking spines, hooks, or other hardened structures
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unarmed
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a region of some Mastigophora in which the surface pellicle is drawn up into a fin-like ridge by the flagellum
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undulating membrane
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a hydatid cyst with a thick, external cyst wall and asexually budding in internal brood capsules only
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unilocular hydatid
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an egg prior to the differentiation of the zygote into an embryo
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unembryonated
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a funnel-shaped organ in female Acanthocephala that collects eggs floating within the body cavity and passes them posteriorly to a selector apparatus
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uterine bell
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duct in female reproductive system used to conduct eggs towards the genital opening
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uterus
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intracellular cavity
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vacuole
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duct in female reproductive system used to receive copulatory organ of male
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vagina
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duct in male reproductive system that carries spermatozoa away from each testis
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vas efferens
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duct in male reprod. system into which all vasa efferentia drain
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vas deferens
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glands in Platyhelminthes that produce yolk-filled vitelline cells which are carried to the ootype and placed around the fertilized ovum
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vitellaria
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a duct carrying vitelline cells from vitellaria to the ootype
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vitelline duct
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producing live offspring within the body of the parent
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viviparous
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transverse slit in body wall of Nematoda and Acanthocephala through which female reproductive tract opens
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vulva
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