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281 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
a localized accumulation of products of inflammation
abscess
an acanthocephalan larval stage between an acanthor and a cystacanth
acanthella
the acanthocephalan larval stage that hatches from the egg
acanthor
a sucker not surrounding a mouth
acetabulum
a cestode proglottid that does not overlap the one posterior to it
acraspedote
secondary immune response to an environmental allergen
allergic reaction
chitinized spear-like structure in male Anoplura
adeagus
general term for a developmental stage capable of producing gametes
adult
lateral expansions of the cuticle of nematodes
ala
a form of Trypanosomatidae with a short flagellum
amastigote
irregular and changeable in shape; movement by extension of pseudopodia
ameoboid
a structure in merozoites and sporozoites of Apicomplexa, comprising a polar ring, conoid, and rhoptries, that aids penetration of host cells
apical complex
a fluke with the ventral sucker located at the posterior end of the body
amphistome
a cestode proglottid that does not detach from the strobila
anapolytic
any unusually large, hard, recurved structure used to aid attachment
anchor
detachment of a tapeworm proglottid
apolysis
located on the side of the body opposite to the genital pore
aporal
a blind-ending offshoot of the digestive tract
appendix
possessing spines, hooks, or other hardened structures
armed
for parasites that normally transmit from host to host by a free-living stage, the rapid development and establishment of a parasite in the same host individual from which it originate
autoinfection
a tube-like organelle in some flagellate protozoans
axostyle
a mode of reproduction of unicellular organisms in which internal organelles are duplicated and then cytokinesis takes place
binary fission
in Cestoda, a larval form in which one or more scoleces develep in a fluid-filled cyst
bladder larva
a muscular projection of the side of the scolex of some tapeworms
bothridium
a capsule developing within a hydatid cyst, lined with germinal epithelium and capable of asexual production of protoscoleces
brood capsule
a muscular longitudinal groove on the scolex of some tapeworms
bothrium
the lining of the oral cavity
buccal capsule
a non-living structure used for attachment
bulla
an external male copulatory appendage, used to grip the female during mating
bursa
the region of the mouthparts in a tick
capitulum
a dorsal shield
carapace
pertaining to the tail or posterior region
caudal
a blind-ending pouch leading off of an intestine
cecum
glands in male Acanthocephala whose secretions form a copulatory plug on the female
cement gland
receptacle for secretions of the acanthocephalan cement gland
cement reservoir
pertaining to the head or anterior end
cephalic
a body region formed by fusion of the head and thorax
cephalothorax
a free-living stage of Digenea, usually possessing a tail
cercaria
a vestigial structure formed on larval Cestoda, containing the embryonic hooks
cercomer
pertaining to the head or anterior end
cervical
a late copepodid stage of some parasitic Copepoda, that possesses a filament for anchoring
chalimus
the piercing mouthparts of Arachnida
chelicera
directed movement with respect to a chemical gradient
chemotaxis
a tough, high molecular weight polymer used in construction of body parts of some invertebrates
chitin
motile, short, cylindrical organelle containing a longitudinal bundle of microtubules and surrounded by a plasma membrane, usually present in large numbers
cilium
the copulatory organ of Platyhelminthes
cirrus
an internal sac surrounding the terminal male genitalia of Platyhelminmthes
cirrus pouch
a complex set of sclerotized bars forming a pinching organ
clamp
an internal chamber containing the outlets of the digestive and urogenital systems
cloaca
general term applied to apicomplexan parasites which transmit by oocysts passed in the feces
coccidia
a bladder larva of Cestoda from which several scoleces bud from the internal germinative epithelium
coenurus
viral disease causing fever and muscle pains
Colorado tick fever
vitelline glands coalesced into a single mass
compact vitellarium
a larval stage of Copepoda, between nauplius and adult
copepodid
an external male copulatory appendage, used to grip the female during mating
copulatory bursa
a cestode oncosphere enclosed within a ciliated membrane and capable of swimming
coracidium
a more-or-less worldwide geographic distribution
cosmopolitan
a cestode proglottid that partially overlaps the one posterior to it
craspedote
a schizont of Plasmodium spp. that develops outside of the circulatory system
cryptozoite
the non-living body covering of Nematoda and Arthropoda
cuticle
general term for a membranous envelope of parasite origin, usually enclosing a larval parasite
cyst
the larval stage of Acanthocephala that precedes the adult, it is usually encysted
cystacanth
a solid-bodied larva of Cestoda
cysticeroid
a bladder larva of cestoda from which a single scolex buds internally
cysticercus
gland producing secretions which form a cyst around a parasite
cystogenous gland
separation of a single cell into two or more
cytokinesis
a larval stage of Digenea produced by a mother sporocyst; it lacks a gut and is capable of asexual reproduction of either rediae or cercariae
daughter sporocyst
a larval stage of Digenea produced by a mother redia; it possesses a gut and produces cercaria asexually
daughter redia
a host in which the adult stage of a parasite lives
definitive host
a specialized cervical papilla
deirid
possessing separate sexes
dioecious
a type of metacercaria in some Strigeiformes characterized by an oval shape with anterolateral pseudosuckers, living encysted in host tissue
diplostomulum
a life cycle involving only one host
direct life cycle
a lateral, often branched, offshoot of part of the digestive system; often present in large numbers
diverticulum
molting of a cuticle
ecdysis
a series of protective membranes enclosing a zygote and any subsequent developmental stages until their emergence from the membranes
egg
in Nematoda and Acanthocephala, the terminal portion of the male reproductive system which connects to the cloaca and expels spermatozoa during copulation
ejaculatory duct
formation of a capsule of host tissue around a parasite as a host defense response
encapsulation
RNA rich structure within the nucleus of some Protozoa
endosome
possessing a swollen body after taking a blood meal
engorged
a nematode larva which retains the cuticle from a previous molt
ensheathed
a form of Trypanosomatidae with the flagellum arising anterior to the nucleus; and possessing and undulating membrane
epimastigote
the later part of the life cycle of malarial organisms in which erythrocytes of the vertebrate host are involved
erythrocytic cycle
the muscular or glandular portion of the digestive tract between the mouth and stomach or intestine
esophagus
a bladder into which the excretory ducts empty
excretory vesicle
the release of microgamete from a microgametocyte of malarial organisms
exflagellation
the first part of the life cycle of malarial organisms in which tissues of the vertebrate host other than the blood are involved
exoerythrocytic cycle
rectangular areas separated by grooves along the posterior dorsal margin of ticks
festoon
possessing a simple, tubular esophagus
filariform
motile, long, cylindrical organelle containing a longitudinal bundle of microtubules and surrounded by a plasma membrane; usually present singly or in small numbers
flagellum
common name for Digenea and Monogenea
fluke
vitelline glands present as small follicles dispersed throughout the body, connected by a system of ducts
follicular vitellaria
an external, sclerotized, forked structure used for attachment
furca
a cercaria possessing a forked tail
furcocercous
sexual stage of Sporozoa
gametocyte
common external opening of the male and female reproductive systems
genital pore
an external depression (usually) containing the genital pore
genital atrium
a small collection of cells in a larval organism from which the reproductive tract will develop
genital primordium
a cell layer capable of giving rise asexually to new individuals
germinal epithelium
a macroscopic nuclei in the body wall of some Acanthocephala
giant nucleus
body region containing the mouthparts
gnathosoma
appendages surrounding the genital opening of female Anoplura
gonopod
a site of inflammatory cell reaction at a site of infection
granuloma
containing fully developed eggs
gravid
a proglottid containing a uterus with fully developed eggs and in which other components of the male and female reproductive system have fully or partially degenerated
gravid proglottid
a sclerotized structure on the dorsal wall of the cloaca of Nematoda, used to support the spicules
gubernaculum
a ventral longitudinal groove in the surface of male Schistosomatidae
gynecophoric canal
an oval organ on the tarsus of ticks
Haller's organ
large hooks on the opisthaptor of Monogenea
hamulus
an individual possessing male and female reproductive systems (not necessarily simultaneously)
hermaphrodite
a life cycle in which more than one host individual is parasitized
heteroxenous
a six-hooked embryo of cestoda
hexacanth
a life cycle in which only one host is parasitized
homoxenous
a hard, curved structure, usually of complex shape, used for attachment of parasite to a host
hook
degree to which a parasite is capable of infecting and developing within only a limited number of host species
host specificity
clear and acellular
hyaline
a bladder larva of Cestoda characterized by internal (and often external) chambers lined by germinal epithelium
hydatid
a skeletal system in which support is derived by internal fluid pressure
hydrostatic skeleton
sclerotized, median, ventral mouthparts of ticks, often with recurved teeth used for attachment
hypostome
body segment of Cestoda containing only rudiments of the genital organs
immature proglottid
a life cycle in which at least one of the larval stages is parasitic, in a different host than the adult
indirect life cycle
a required host infected by a larval parasite
intermediate host
an expansion of the vas deferens within the cirrus pouch to store sperm prior to copulation
internal seminal vesicle
first through fourth juvenile, or larval, stages of nematodes
J1-J4
an immature individual, often resembling the adult but lacking fully-developed reproductive organs
juvenile
large nuceolar bodies in the centre of nuclei of some Protozoa
karyosome
a conspicuous part of the mitochondrion of Trypanosomatidae
kinetoplast
a centriole from which an axoneme arises
kinetosome
first through fourth larval stages of nematodes
L1-L4
a canal within the tegument of Acanthocephala
lacuna
a ladder-like network of lacunae
lacunar system
general term for any life cycle stage between egg and adult. In insects, it is the stage which hatches from the egg
larva
producing eggs which hatch within the female and emerge as larvae
larviparous
a blind canal terminating at the base of the seminal receptable in Digenea; possibly a vestigial vagina
Laurer's canal
paired structure attached to the inner, posterior part of the neck of Acanthocephala
lemniscus
one or two thin sacs arising at the base of proboscis receptacle of Acanthocephala and extending to near the genital pore; the reproductive organs are enclosed
ligament sacs
a fleshy projection around the oral opening of nematodes
lip
a sucker-like depression
loculus
ciliated, 10-hooked larva of Cestodaria
lycophore
a female gamete
macrogamete
the larger of two types of nucleus found in Ciliata, mainly concerned with daily activities such as feeding and maintenance
macronucleus
ornamental surface projections
mammilae
one of the paired mouthparts of Arthropoda
mandible
a small hook, usually occurring in large numbers around the periphery of a complex attachment organ
marginal hooklet
body segment of Cestoda containing functional male and female reproductive organs
mature proglottid
one of the paired mouthparts of Arthropoda
maxilla
one of the paired head appendages of Crustacea
maxilliped
unicellular glands surrounding the ootype of Platyhelminthes
Mehli's gland
a daughter cell resulting from schizogony
merozoite
unencysted larval form between cercaria and metacercaria; only in Alaria
mesocercaria
last larval stage of Digenea; usually encysted
metacercaria
a larval cestode that is infective to the definitive host
metacestode
a merozoite developed from a cryptozoite
metacryptozoite
stumpy trypomastigote lacking a free flagellum that is found in vector and is infective to the vertebrate host
metacyclic trypanosome
division of the body into a succession of similar or identical segments
metamerism
a poorly differentiated first stage larva released by some nematodes into the bloodstream of their host
microfilaria
a male gamete
microgamete
the smaller of two types of nuclei found in Ciliata, mainly concerned with reproduction
micronucleus
the ciliated larva of Digenea that hatches from the egg
miracidium
compartmentalized, membranous organelle containing enzyme systems for energy metabolism
mitochondrion
a fluke lacking a ventral sucker
monostome
possessing one set of reprodutive organs
monozoic
a larval stage of Digenea formed after penetration of the miracidium into a mollusc; it lacks a gut and gives rise asexually to daughter sporocysts or rediae
mother sporocyst
a larval stage of Digenea formed after penetration of a miracidium into a mollusc, or produced by a mother sporocyst; it has a gut and produces daughter redia asexually
mother redia
a hydatid cyst with a thin, external cyst wall and asexually budding in internal brood capsules as well as externally-budding brood capsules
multilocular hydatid
a larval stage of Copepoda that hatches from the egg
nauplius
a type of metacercaria of Strigeiformes in which there is a thin, loose-fitting cyst wall
neascus
in Cestoda, a region of active cell division immediately posterior to teh scolex, from which new proglottids are formed; in Acanthocephala, the region between the most posterior hook of the proboscis and the proboscis sheath
neck
attainment of sexual maturity in a life cycle stage otherwise possessing larval characteristics
neotenic
common term fro the egg of a sucking louse
nit
a larval stage of Arthropoda that resembles the adult
nymph
the ciliated larva of Monogenea that hatches from the egg
oncomiracidium
the six-hooked embryo that develops within the egg of Cestoda
oncosphere
a tick that attaches to one host as a larva, and stays on that host until development is complete and mating has occurred
one-host tick
a cyst containing sporozoites in the Apicomplexa
oocyst
the motile zygote of malarial organisms
ookinete
the region of the female reproductive system in Platyhelminthes that is surrounded by Mehli's gland and receives ducts from the vitellaria and seminal receptacle
ootype
a lid-like region on an egg that allows the larva to escape
operculum
posterior attachment organ on Monogenea
opisthaptor
fragments of ovary of Acanthocephala that float free in the body cavity until fertilization
ovarian ball
organ of female reproductive system that produces ova
ovary
a short duct that carries ova from the ovary to the ootype
oviduct
a muscular modification at the termination of the female reproductive tract of Nematoda that controls the release of eggs
ovijector
external appendage on female Crustacea in which eggs are brooded until they hatch
ovisac
an external projection of the cuticle or tegument
papilla
a Golgi body connected by a filament to a kinetosome
parabasal body
a measure of the number of parasites present in the peripheral blood
parasitemia
a host in which a parasite survives, and can be transmitted to another host, but does not develop
paratenic host
cellular matrix within which the internal organs of Platyhelminthes are contained
parenchyma
development of an unfertilized egg into a new individual
parthenogenetic
lateral jointed oral appendages on Arachnida
pedipalp
occurring on a stalk
pedunculate
the thick, often sculptured external coat of many Protozoa
pellicle
organ of the male reproductive system used to introduce spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
penis
muscular pumping organ at posterior of esophagus
pharynx
a lateral sensory pit on the tail of some Nematoda
phasmid
leaf-like lateral projections on the scolex of some Cestoda
phyllidea
last larval form found in the second intermediate host of many Cestoda with aquatic life cycles
plerocercoid
chitinized regions on the sides of the abdomen of Insecta
pleural plate
the proboscis, neck and supporting structures and organs in Acanthocephala
presoma
a protrusible, armed attachment organ in Acanthocephala
proboscis
a muscular sac at the anterior end of Acanthocephala into which the proboscis may be withdrawn
proboscis sheath/ receptacle
larval form found in the first intermediate host of many Cestoda with aquatic life cycles
procercoid
a single segment of strobila of Cestoda
proglottid
anterior attachment organ of Monogenea
prohaptor
a form of Trypanosomatidae with the flagellum arising anterior to the nucleus, and lacking an undulating membrane
promastigote
secretory structure located within the cirrus pouch of Digenea
prostate gland
in hermaphrodites, the development of the male reproductive system before the female system
protandry
the juvenile scolex formed by asexual budding within the coenurus or hydatid larvae of Cestoda
protoscolex
possessing internal organs that float free within the coelom, not covered by a peritoneum
pseudocoelomate
an intracellular accumulation of protozoans causing enlargement of the host cell and giving the appearance of a cyst, but not surrounded by a cyst wall of parasite origin
pseudocyst
an extension of the body of Protozoa used for locomotion
pseudopodium
a modification of the body surface that functions as a sucker but bears no morphological resemblance to one
pseudosucker
a life cycle stage in insects in which major morphological transformations from a worm-like larva to a winged adult occur
pupa
an intramolluscan stage of digeneans, possessing a gut
redia
young erythrocytes that have recently lost their nucleus
reticulocyte
a type of autoinfection whereby larval parasites just passed in the host's feces re-enter the anus and establish a new infection
retroinfection
possessing an esophagus with a narrow central region and a terminal bulb
rhabditiform
the young trophozoite of Plasmodium spp., so named because a large central vacuole and peripheral nucleus give it the appearance of a signet ring
ring stage
a central protrusion, eversible or not, on the scolex of some Cestoda
rostellum
a fluid-filled, muscular sac used to manipulate the copulatory bursa of male Acanthocephala
Saeffitigen's pouch
a migratory stage between cercaria and adult of the schistosomes; equivalent to the metacercarial stage in other digeneans
schistosomule
a form of asexual reproduction characterized by multiple mitoses and cytokineses that form numerous daughter cells
schizogony
a cell undergoing schizogony in which the cytokineses are not complete
schizont
stippling present on the membrane of erythrocytes infected with some species of Plasmodium, visible only under proper staining
Schuffner's dots
a hardened, curved structure usually supporting a clamp
sclerite
partially composed of sclerotin, a highly resistant and insoluble protein of arthropods and some other invertebrates
sclerotized
the attachment organ of Cestoda
scolex
a dorsal plate covering the entire dorsal surface of some adult male ticks, and the anterior dorsal surface of nymphs and females
scutum
damage of host tissues by one species of parasite that enables entry of other species of pathogen
secondary infection
a tick larva
seed tick
a collection of cells in the reproductive tract of female Acanthocephala that forms a series of channels capable of directing immature eggs back into the pseudocoele and passing mature eggs into the uterus
selector apparatus
organ of female genital system used to receive and store spermatozoa
seminal receptacle
a distal expansion of vas deferens
seminal vesicle
not elevated above the substrate on any sort of stalk
sessile
fine external spine or hair
seta
general term referring to the main body region excluding appendages
soma
organ of female genital system used to receive and store sperm
spermatheca
sclerotized rods, often of complex shape, present in the cloaca of male Nematoda and used to guide spermatozoa during copulation
spicule
a short, rigid external projection on the body, often used to aid attachment
spine
lateral opening of the respiratory system of some Arthropoda
spiracular plate
small, non-motile transmission stage containing a single infective organism; resistant to environmental conditions
spore
a cell that produces a spore
sporoblast
an early developmental stage capable of asexual reproduction
sporocyst
multiple fission of a zygote that forms large numbers of sporozoites
sporogony
amoeboid transmission stage of Myxospora
sporoplasm
a daughter cell resulting from sporogony within an occyst
sporozoite
the process of forming spores or sporozoites
sporulation
the mid-ventral region
sternum
a column of stichocytes that surround and secrete into the esophagus of Trichurata
stichosome
the region of the oral opening
stoma
the region of the body of Cestoda that is posterior to the neck, and is usually segmented
strobila
a type of cysticercus in which some segmentation is already evident
strobilocercus
a short, sharp spine often used to aid penetration of a host
stylet
occurring close to, but not at, an extremity
subterminal
a (usually) circular structure with some mechanism to grip another surface within its margins
sucker
shallow depression in ventral surface of some Protozoa which aid attachment to host; the beating of flagella lowers pressure in the disk area
sucking disk
a fusion of cell bodies but with retention of separate nuclei
syncytium
terminal segment on limb of Arthropoda
tarsus
the living, syncytial external layer on the body of Platyhelminthes and Acanthocephala
tegument
organ that produces spermatozoa
testis
a type of metacercaria of Strigeiformes in which there is a thick, tight fitting cyst wall
tetracotyle
mid-body region of Arthropoda from which limbs emerge
thorax
the limb segment of Arthropoda from which the tarsus arises
tibia
a non-reproductive, feeding stage of Protozoa
trophozoite
general term for main body region excluding appendages
trunk
a form of Trypanosomatidae with the flagellum arising posterior to the nucleus, and possessing an undulating membrane
trypomastigote
lacking spines, hooks, or other hardened structures
unarmed
a region of some Mastigophora in which the surface pellicle is drawn up into a fin-like ridge by the flagellum
undulating membrane
a hydatid cyst with a thick, external cyst wall and asexually budding in internal brood capsules only
unilocular hydatid
an egg prior to the differentiation of the zygote into an embryo
unembryonated
a funnel-shaped organ in female Acanthocephala that collects eggs floating within the body cavity and passes them posteriorly to a selector apparatus
uterine bell
duct in female reproductive system used to conduct eggs towards the genital opening
uterus
intracellular cavity
vacuole
duct in female reproductive system used to receive copulatory organ of male
vagina
duct in male reproductive system that carries spermatozoa away from each testis
vas efferens
duct in male reprod. system into which all vasa efferentia drain
vas deferens
glands in Platyhelminthes that produce yolk-filled vitelline cells which are carried to the ootype and placed around the fertilized ovum
vitellaria
a duct carrying vitelline cells from vitellaria to the ootype
vitelline duct
producing live offspring within the body of the parent
viviparous
transverse slit in body wall of Nematoda and Acanthocephala through which female reproductive tract opens
vulva