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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diptera = 'common name'
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Flies
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What are the three Orders of Diptera?
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Nematocera, Brachycera, Cyclorrhapha
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What are Cyclorrhapha?
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A suborder of Diptera
Short antenna + Arista |
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What are the four families under Cyclorrhapha?
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Oestridae
Muscidae Hippoboscidae calliphoridae |
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What are Oestridae?
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BOT FLIES
large flies (may resemble bees) vestigial mouth parts - cannot feed lay eggs or are viviparous LARVAE ARE PARASITIC larvae are endoparasites three larval stages in host pupate on ground |
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What is Gasterophilus?
What Species are in Aussie? |
Family: Oestridae
HORSE BOTS G. intestinalis common bot G. nasalis throat bot G. haemorrhoidalis nose bot (rare) |
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When are Gasterophilus flies most active? How long do they live? Eggs?
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Flies active in SUMMER. Live a FEW days. Lay MANY eggs.
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Describe the egg appearance and location of Gasterophilus species?
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G. intestinalis eggs yellow, anywhere on front of body, hatch when licked
G. nasalis eggs pale, laid between mandibles, hatch spontaneously G. haemorrhoidalis eggs black, laid around lips, hatch spontaneously |
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Describe the first, second and third instar of Gasterophilus...
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First instar : migrates though mouthand gums (this is irritating! Causes hypersalivation, chewing)
Second instar : attaches in stomach Third instar : in stomach |
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Describe the location, appearance and spine conformation of the larvae of G. intestinalis and G. nasalis
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Larvae of G. intestinalis - red, occur in stomach, 2 rows of spines
Larvae of G. nasalis - yellow, occur in duodenum, 1 row of spines Also, both have hooks at anterior end and spiracles at posterior end. |
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How long does Gastrophilus stay in horse?
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Remain in horse for 9-12 months
Passed out in faeces Pupate in soil |
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How is Gastrophilus treated?
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organophosphates (dichlorvos, trichlorphon)
macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin) |
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How is Gastrophilus controlled?
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treat in winter when flies are absent
washing or grooming to remove eggs of little value |
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What is Oestrus ovis?
Characteristics? |
Family: Oestridae
Nasal Bot of SHEEP AND GOATS fly viviparous lays larvae on external nares larva crawls into nasal cavity all larval stages found in nasal cavity third instar sneezed out pupae develop in soil flies active in summer |
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What are the effects of Oestrus ovis on sheep?
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agitates sheep when laying eggs
chronic nasal discharge predisposes to PNEUMONIA |
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How is Oestrus ovis treated?
Can it be zoonotic? |
organophosphates
macrocyclic lactones (flood nasal cavity with this) trematocides (rafoxanide, closantel) Can occasionally be zoonotic |
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What is Hypoderma?
Species? Where found? |
Family: Oestridae
Warble flies of CATTLE Hypoderma bovis Hypoderma lineatum NOT IN AUSSIE!!!! Common in Europe, Asia and N.America. |
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What is the common name for the family labeled as Muscidae?
What are the two subfamilies? |
TRUE FLIES!!
Subfamily Muscinae Subfamily Stomoxinae |
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What two species of flies are found in the subfamily Muscinae?
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Musca domestica housefly
Musca vetustissima bush fly |
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What two species of flies are found in the subfamily Stomoxinae?
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Stomoxys calcitrans stable fly
Haematobia exigua buffalo fly |
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What is Musca domestica?
Why important? |
The house fly.
involved in mechanical transmission of pathogens intermediate hosts of nematodes and cestodes Causes nasal scald and fly dermatitis in animals with a hypersensitivity |
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What is Musca vestustissima?
Why important? |
The Bush Fly
Breed in cattle dung over winter in N. Aussie. involved in mechanical transmission of pathogens intermediate hosts of nematodes and cestodes Causes nasal scald and fly dermatitis in animals with a hypersensitivity |
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What is Stomoxys calcitrans?
Where do they breed? What animals do they target? What sex feeds on blood? |
The Stable Fly
Breed in decaying matter. Bite any mammals but commonly target dogs (face) and horses( bum) Both sexes feed on blood. |
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What is Haematobia exigua?
Appearence? Lifecycle? Host? |
The buffalo fly
Subfamily Stomoxinae small grey fly rigid, biting mouthparts introduced from South East Asia flies remain on host die in 1-2 days away from host leave host to lay eggs breed in cow dung emerging flies have 1-2h to find a host need a blood meal to breed adults live for 10-20 days need temperatures > 20ºC life cycle takes 7-11 days |
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Describe the epidemiology of Haematobia exigua
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spread by travelling cattle
can travel up to 7 km on prevailing winds heavier infestations on bulls geographical distribution limited by temperature and moisture |
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What are the effects of Haematobia exigua?
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bites are painful
cattle rub to relieve irritation 2000-3000 flies a heavy infection loss of condition or delay in fattening milk production drop vector of Trypanosoma evansi & of nematode Stephanofilaria sp. |
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How might one control Haematobia exigua?
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fly traps
ear tags impregnated with insecticides insecticides (ivermectin) which persist in dung dung beetles |
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What is Hippoboscidae?
characteristics? |
Louse flies or hippoboscids
NO WINGS (usually) exclusively parasitic (blood feeders) feet with strong claws females viviparous larvae pupate immediately |
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What is Melophagus ovinus?
What are the effects on the host? |
Family: Hippobocsidae
THE SHEEP KED No wings lives in wool pupal case attached to wool pupae hatch in 19-36 days live 4-5 months Effects on host : blood feeders cause anaemia stain wool (“ticky wool”) transmit Trypanosoma (protozoan) |
