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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the intermediate host of Dirofilaria immitis?
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Mosquito
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What is the intermediate host of Brugia malayi?
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Mosquito
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What is the intermediate host of Onchocerca volvuls?
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Black Fly
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What is the intermediate host of Wuchereria bancrofti?
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Mosquito
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What is the intermediate host of Loa loa
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Deer fly
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Most frequent cause of elephantiasis?
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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Dog heart worm
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Dirofilaria immitis
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Causes river blindness
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Onchocerca volvulus
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African eye worm
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Loa loa
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Can cause severe itching in the skin
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Onchocerca volvulus
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Diagnosis is by bloodless skin snip
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Onchocerca volvulus
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Adults can cause chyluria
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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Cause lymphatic filariasis
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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DOC is diethycarbarnazine
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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True or False Elephantiasis in a common outcome of a singular infection by the worm that causes it |
FALSE |
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People become infected with Guinea worm by
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Wading in the water
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Female Guinea worms
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Release juveniles when stimulated by water. Burst open when stimulated by water. |
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Not True of Guinea worms
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Common treatment is the sticky tape method |
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What is the scientific name of Guinea worms
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Dracunculis medinensis |
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What is true of Guinea worm
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scientific name is Dracunculis medinensis. Some think it is the origin of the caduceus. Filtration of water is a good preventative technique. |
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Early juveniles of Strongloides stercoralis residing in the intestine can
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Mature to J3s and re-infect the same host (auto infection. Pass out of the host and mature (moult) to free-living adults. Pass out of the host and mature (moult) to J3s and enter developmental arrest. |
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What is not conductive to successful development of hookworms eggs/larvae?
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Immersion in water
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What is conductive to successful development of hookworm eggs/larvae?
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Warm temperature at least 17c. Shade. Neutral pH |
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When pyogenic bacteria are introduced during the cutaneous phase of hookworm disease, what can result?
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Ground itch
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Which of the following is a likely result of heavy hookworm infection?
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Iron deficiency, anemia. Protein deficiency. |
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What's the result of attempted infection of humans by hookworms of other animals?
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Creeping eruption
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What is not an effective control measure for hookworm?
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Thorough cooking of meat |
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What's an effective control measure for hookworms?
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Wearing shoes, treatment of infected people, and the discontinuation of the use of nightsoil
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What is the common name of Haemonchus contortus?
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Barber pole worm and twisted stomach worm
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The outer covering of a nematode is called the_____ and it's secreted by the____
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Cuticle and hypodermis
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Which of the following is true of the nematode hydrostatic skeleton?
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Protects organs, allows circulation of gas and nutrients, aids in movement
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True or False Most nematodes exhibit sexual dimorphism |
True
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Nematodes usually have how many juvenile stages in their development?
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4
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True or False Nematodes have only longitudinal muscles for movement |
True |
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Eurely refers to
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Cell constancy
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Nematodes are
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Pseudocoelomates
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What nematode sensory structure goes to: Tactile receptors- especially well developed in the caudal regions of many male nematodes. |
Papillae |
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What nematode sensory structure goes to: Chemoreceptors in the anterior region of nematodes. |
Amphids |
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The excretory system of most nematodes is best described as?
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Secretory-excretory
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The entire esophagus of tricharid nematodes is called the
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Stichosome
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What is not likely outcome of heavy Trichurus trichiura infection?
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hepatosplenomegaly
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What is a likely outcome of heavy Trichurus trichiura infection?
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Rectal prolapse, finger and toe clubbing, and dysentery
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What is not true of Trichurus trichiura?
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Life cycle requires an intermediate host |
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What is true of Trichurus trichiura?
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Infection requires fecal contamination, adults feed on blood, and adults inhabit the epithelium of the large intestine. |
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What correctly describes how Capillaria hepatica eggs embryonate?
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Contact with soil when host dies and contact with soil after the host is eaten and eggs pass through digestive tract
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What is not true of Capillaria philippinensis?
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Partial juvenile development occurs in an arthropod |
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What is true of Capillaria philippinensis?
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Females give birth to live juveniles, adults reside in the intestines of humans, and autoinfection occurs.
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True or False Trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite (juvenile and adults) |
True |
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True or False The same individual serves as both the intermediate and definitive host in the muscle cell, for Trichinella spiralis
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True |
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People usually become infected with Trichinella spiralis by
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Ingesting juveniles in nurse cell and ingesting undercooked pork
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Pigs can become infected with Trichinella spiralis by
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Eating rats, eating undercooked garbage, and tail biting
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What is the most effective treatment fot trichinosis?
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There is no good treatment
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A heterogonic life cycle is
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Alternates between parasitic and free living
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Which is the correct order of layers of the Ascaris egg from inside out?
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Lipid, chitinous, vitelline, mammilated
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True or false Over 1 billion people are infected with Ascaris world wide |
True
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Ascaris eggs are not resistant to
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Extreme heat
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Ascaris eggs are resistant to
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Freezing, strong acid, formalin
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What is not an effective control measure of Ascaris?
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Wearing shoes |
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What is an effective control measure of Ascaris?
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Treatment of infected people, improved sanitation, and discontinuation of the use of night soil
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At various points in their development Ascaris can cause
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Damage to the liver and lung, and intestinal blockage
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True or False Puppies are often born infected with Toxicara canis to non patent bitches |
True
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Toxicara spp. are the most common cause of
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Visceral larva migrans
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What is not true of Balyisascaris procyonis?
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Its eggs are short-lived |
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What is true of Balyisascaris procyonis?
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Juveniles commonly migrate to the brain and eyes of paratenic host. Raccoons are the definitive host. Covering the sand box is an effective measure in terms of avoiding human infection |
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People get anisakiasis by ingesting uncooked
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fish
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Pinworms are the only known endoparasites displaying
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haplodiploidy
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What is not true of Enterobius eggs?
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They are viable for up to a month in cool, moist conditions |
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What is true of Enterobius eggs
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They are very light and can be inhaled resulting in infection. They can hatch in the perianal region resulting in retrofection. They can hatch in the nose resulting in pinworms in the nose. |
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What is a very common pathological outcome of pinworm infection?
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Anal itching
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True or False Dogs are a common reservoirs of human pinworm infection |
False
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What is the most common diagnostic technique for pinworms?
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Sticky tape method
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Life cycle of Necator americanus
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Eggs in feces-> in soil-> hatch to juveniles (J1-J3) -> juveniles penetrate skin upon contact-> Enter blood-> go to heart-> to lungs-> trachea-> esophagus-> small intestine-> mature to adults
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Hookworms: epidemiology, control, treatment, diagnosis
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Thrive & survive in poor sanitation, cool, moist shade, 02, soils need to be aerated, no mud or sand, freezing and desiccation is fatal, temp 17-30C. Control: Sanitation facilities, people need to wear shoes, treatment of infected people, education, discontinuation of night soil. Treatment/Diagnosis: eggs or worms in stools, eggs concentration techniques (sugar or ZnSO4) and treatment is mebendazole |
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DOC Mebendazole |
-Trichuris trichiura -Ancylostoma duodenale -Enterobius vermicularis -E. gregorii |
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DOC Albendazole |
-Trichuris trichiura -Capillaria hepatica |
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DOC Thiabendazole |
-Cutoncous larva migrants -Haemonclus contortus |
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DOC Pyrantel Pamoate |
-Ascris -Haemonclus contortus |
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DOC Ivermectin |
-Onchocerca volvulus -Dirofilaria immitis |
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No known DOC |
-Trichinella spiralis -Visceral larva migrants |
