Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Siphonaptera
|
fleas
|
|
|
Phthiraptera
|
Lice
|
|
|
Simple life cycle
|
lice
|
|
|
Complex life cycle
|
flies, fleas, mosquitos
|
|
|
things to consider about the life cycle
|
metamorphosis, length, seasonality
|
|
|
What causes Chagas?
|
kissing bugs (aka coneoses) transmit T. cruzi
|
|
|
Who does Chagas affect?
|
People and DOGS
Multiplies in cells, esp. heart and sm mm |
|
|
Where has Chagas recently been found to be prevelant
|
OK
|
|
|
What are the 3 main transmission cycles of Chagas?
|
sylvatic, peridomestic, and domestic
|
|
|
What's the relative transmission of dogs:cats:humans?
|
14:5:1
|
|
|
What's a method of Dx in dogs? Problems with this?
|
XenoDx, takes 30-60days
|
|
|
Is there a sentinel species for Chagas?
|
Maybe dogs
|
|
|
What does a Tsetse fly eat?
|
Blood
|
|
|
What do Tsetse flies cause in humans?
|
African sleeping sickness via T. brucei
|
|
|
What do Tsetse flies cause in cattle?
|
Nagana - MOST impt cattle Ds worldwide
|
|
|
Myiasis causing flies
|
screw worms, cattle grubs, bots, bottle flies, and blow flies
|
|
|
Characteristics of myiasis causing flies: 1) what do they eat? 2) Who disperses them? 3) Do they have to live in tissue? Where do you find them?
|
1) tissue
2) adults 3) no: obligate, facultative, or accidental 4) cutaneuous, GI, nasopharyngeal, ocular |
|
|
Chochliomyia hominivorax
|
screw worms
|
|
|
What do Chochliomyia homnivorax need to survive?
|
Tissue, they're obligate feeders
|
|
|
Who do Chochliomyia homnivorax affect?
|
livestock
|
|
|
How many times do flies (any flies) mate?
|
once
|
|
|
How are Chochliomyia homivorax controlled?
|
SIT, now eradicated from US
|
|
|
What do you do if you fine Chochliomyia homnivorax in the US?
|
REPORT it!
|
|
|
Hypoderma lineatum and bovis, another name?
|
Cattle grubs (heel fly, gad, fly, etc)
|
|
|
Where will you find Hypoderma spp EGGS?
|
cattle grubs - forelimbs, udders, ventral body
|
|
|
Life cycle of Hypoderma spp.
|
1) Winter - L1 migrates through tissue to SM of esophagus then migrates to back.
2) L2 cuts hole in skin and becomes encysted 3) Spring - L3 emerges 4) Late spring - Adults |
|
|
Which fly causes gadding in cattle?
|
Hypoderma spp.
|
|
|
Who else do Hypoderma spp. affect?
|
Horses and humans are aberrant hosts
|
|
|
Gasterophilus
|
Horse Bot Fly
|
|
|
Gasterophilus llife cycle
|
1) Horses lick eggs off fur
2) Larvae (bots) in sromach 8-10 mos (late frost to early spring) 3) Pupal stage pooped onto ground early summer 4) Pupae develop into adults in 1-2 mos |
|
|
Oestrus ovis
|
Sheep nasal bot
|
|
|
What is a sign that sheep have Oestrus ovis?
|
They sneeze the maggots out.
|
|
|
Cuterebra life cycle
|
1) Adult female lays eggs at burrow entrance
2) Eggs hatch in response to host heat then enter host via body openings or penetrate mucosa 3) Larve migrate SQ and cut hole in skin to breathe 4) Pupa drops 5) Develop into adults which don't eat, just lay eggs and die |
|
|
When will we most likely see Cuterebra?
|
Fall
|
|
|
Problems, Tx of Cuterebra?
|
No real problems. No Tx for migrating stages. Sx removal when pupae emerges.
|
|
|
What's important about Bottle and Blow flies?
|
We can use them in Sx wound therapy. They're facultative.
|
|
|
Tababidae (family)
|
Horse and Deer flies
|
|
|
Why do we care about Tababidae?
|
Females bite! Painful!
Carry Ds like EIA Suck blood |
|
|
Life cycle of Tababidae
|
1) Females lay eggs above stagnant water
2) 2 larvae fall into the water 2) 2 pupae emerge from the mud, from which full adults form |
|
|
Sandfly: what's important?
|
Vector for Leishmania
Dogs impt reservoir hosts Foxhounds carry it |
|
|
How does Leishmania present in dogs?
|
mimics autoimmune Ds (anemia, skin problems, enlarged spleen)
|
|
|
Three mosquito types
|
1) Aedes
2) Culex 3) Anopheles |
|
|
Which mosquito is a vector for WNV?
|
Culex pipens.
|
|
|
WNV in horses - symptoms
|
weakness, staggering, mm tremors, sleepy-like
(vaccine available) |
|
|
Phthiraptera
|
LICE!
|
|
|
Mallophaga family characteristics
|
CHEWING, wide head, like birds, DON'T feed on blood
|
|
|
Mallophaga life cycle
|
21 days egg-egg
One pair of lice can make 120k descendents in 3-4 mos |
|
|
Anoplura family characteristics
|
SUCKING, long, narrow snout and huge claws, MAMMALS only
|
|
|
Anoplura life cycle
|
28 days egg-egg, 3 nymphal stages
|
|
|
Haematopinus eursternus
|
CATTLE SUCKING lice
-WINTER -anemia |
|
|
Haematopinus quadriptersus
|
SUMMER CATTLE lice
sucking |
|
|
Lingognathus vituli
|
calve lice
sucking |
|
|
Solenopotes capillatus
|
Little Blue Cattle Louse
sucking |
|
|
Bovicola Bovis
|
BITING CATTLE lice
|
|
|
Lingognathus ovillus, L. africans, L. pedalis
|
SHEEP and GOAT sucking lice
|
|
|
Bovicola ovis
|
SHEEP and GOAT BITING lice
|
|
|
Haeatopinus asini
|
HORSE SUCKING lice
|
|
|
Bovicola equi
|
HORSE BITING lice
|
|
|
What can Bovicola equi do to horses?
|
Cause stunted growth and dec immunity
|
|
|
Trichodected pilosus
|
wash eggs off of horse with hot water and soap
|
|
|
Pthrius pubis
|
HUMAN pubic louse (can affect horses and make them scruffy and itchy)
|
|
|
Lingognathus setousus
|
DOGS (sucking)
|
|
|
Trichodectes canis
|
DOGS
|
|
|
What's an important characteristic of Trichodectes canis?
|
Can be an IH for Dipylidium caninum.
|
|
|
Felicola subrostatus
|
Cat louse
|
|
|
Do humans get lice from animals?
What are some human lice characteristics? |
NO!
3 types, all suck blood, adults live 3+ weeks, lice avoid light |
|
|
Cat flea life cycle
(Ctenocephalides felis) |
1) Adult remains on animal
2) eggs fall off and hatch in 2-5 days or die 3) larve feed on adult flea poop and develop into pupae in carpet (coccooned) 4) vibration, heat, and CO2 causes pupae to hatch and then the look for a blood meal |
|
|
How many eggs do fleas lay?
|
2000/life (50/day)
|
|
|
How long is the life cycle of a flea?
|
3-4 weeks
|
|
|
How long can a flea survive off of a host if it's already started eating blood?
|
2 days
|
|
|
Wildlife flea reservoirs
|
coons, possums, Bundy
|
|
|
Tick pathogenesis
|
Suck blood - anemia
Tick paralysis Tissue damage Ds vectors |
|
|
Tick paralysis
|
-mammals and birds
-neurotoxin Tx: remove tick |
|
|
Which ticks cause tick paralysis?
|
Dermacentor andersoni, D. cariabilis, and Agas persicus
|
|
|
Tick tissue damage
|
2ndary infections, screw worms, allergic response
|
|
|
Tick Ds vectors (4 Ds types)
|
Viruses, Rickettsiae (RMSF), Bacteria, Protozoa
|
|
|
Argasidae
|
SOFT TICKS
|
|
|
Argasidae (SOFT) characteristics
|
head hidden dorsally, feed and lay eggs several times during life, Mulit-host life cycle
|
|
|
Argasidae (SOFT) feeding characteristics
|
Feed for short periods of time (cuticle expands but doesn't grow)
|
|
|
Argus persicus
|
soft - "fowl tick"
likes cracks and crannies of hen house, larvae stay on one host only, cause "fowl paralysis" |
|
|
Otobius megini
|
soft - "spinous ear tick"
|
|
|
Who gets Octobius megnini?
|
ungulates, horses, people
|
|
|
Life cycle of Octobius megnini?
|
Modified one-host cycle (only immature stages feed on host)
|
|
|
Problems caused by Otobius megnini?
|
tympanic membrane rupture, death, Ds (RMSF, etc)
|
|
|
Ixodidae spp.
|
HARD ticks
|
|
|
Ixodidae spp. characterisitcs
|
"Shield" (scutum), 2 feeding phases, 1-3 host life cycle
|
|
|
Ixodidae feeding strategy?
|
1) Slow at first (1-2 days) to make feeding pool
2) Then fast feeding and female gets huge (inc pathogen transmission at this time) |
|
|
Which stage of Ixodes most likely to pass lyme Ds?
|
Nymph
|
|
|
Common features of hard and soft ticks
|
long periods w/o feeding, few enemies, high repro potential, eggs laid on ground, hatching and molting seasonal (temp dependent), questing behavior, eat blood
|
|
|
Where do ticks lay their eggs?
|
ALWAYS on the ground
|
|
|
Boophilis
|
hard - "cattle fever tick"
one host easy to control |
|
|
Amblyomma spp. (A. americana)
|
hard - "lonestar tick"
|
|
|
Who does A. americana like (lonestar tick)
|
wide host range, incld HUMANS
found throughout country the ones you'll likely be picking off |
|
|
What problems does A. americana (lonestar tick) cause?
|
Deep bites lead to abscesses, Ds (erlichia and STARI)
|
|
|
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
|
"brown dog tick" or "kennel tick"
|
|
|
What's important about Rhipicephalus sanguineus?
|
Can reproduce and thrive indoors
|
|
|
Where would you find Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs? Characteristics?
|
adults in ears and b/w toes, larvae and nymphs found on neck. All stages FEED ONCE and fall off. 3-host tick (dog can be all three)
|
|
|
What problems can Rhipicephalus snaruineus cause?
|
Ds - Hepatozooan canis! Dog get's from eating tick! Also other diseases
|
|
|
Dermacentor spp. (D. variablilis)
|
"American dog tick"
|
|
|
Where is Dermacentor variabilis found?
|
larvae and nymphs: rodents and rabbits
adults: dogs and mammals |
|
|
What problems can Dermacentor variabilis cause?
|
Tick paralysis, CYTAUXZOON FELIS (S. and central IL, fatal in cats, no Tx, gets in RBCs and makes them swell leading to capillary clogging. BOBCATS are carriers. Other Ds: RMSF in dogs and humans
|
|
|
Dermacentor albipictus
|
"winter or horse tick"
-horses and ungulates -one-host -phantom moose Ds and CO tick fever |
|
|
Dermacentor andersoni
|
aka "Rocky Mountain Wood tick"
-tick paralysis -RMSF |
|
|
Dermacentor accidentalis
|
aka "Pacific Coast tick"
Ds- RMSF, etc |
|
|
Ixodes spp. characterisitcs
|
ALL 3 host, adults small (freckle-sized), sexual dimorphism, ANAL GROOVE, no white on tick
|
|
|
Ixodes scapularis
|
aka "Blacklegged or Deer tick"
WESTERN US |
|
|
Ixodes scapularis life cycle
|
1) larve emerge in summer, feed once (rhodent) and fall off
2) Nymphs feed in spring and summer (when people outdoors) 3) Adults in fall, feed once (Deer) 4) Adults lay eggs in spring |
|
|
What problems can Ixodes scapularis cause?
|
Lyme Ds! (Read up on this in notes)
|
|
|
Ixodes pacificus
|
"western blacklegged tick" - the WESTERN version of I. scapuaris
|
|
|
Mites - when do you see them? characteristics?
|
in the winter more commonly, microscopic, look similar to ticks (larvae 6 legs, nymphs and adults 8), life cycle 4 wks or less.
|
|
|
Life stages of mites
|
egg, larva, 2 nymphal, stages, and an adult stage
|
|
|
What problems do mites cause?
|
Few. Skin irritation, but Ds rare except for mange and scabies
|
|
|
What mites cause mange?
|
Demodex, Sarcaptes, Psoroptes, Chiorioptes
|
|
|
What mites cause scabies?
|
Sarcoptes
|
|
|
Pneumonyssus spp.
|
Primates and dogs
Nasal passages, sinuses, and LUNGS |
|
|
Dermanyssus gallinae
|
Birds (sometimes DOGS)
Little red dots Hide in crevices, feed at night Anemia, annoyance, dec immunity Ds - fowlpox and spirochetosis |
|
|
Sternostoma tracheacolum
|
canaries, parakeets, etc.
Dx with transillumination! May be fatal |
|
|
Cheyletiella
|
Causes "walking dandruff"
Dandruff IS the mites (use for Dx) PEOPLE can get it |
|
|
Psoregatidae
|
"sheep itch mite"
live in superficial layer of skin pruitis, etc. |
|
|
Demodex spp.
|
FOLLICLE mites;
COMMENSAL in all animals and not very species specific; cigar shaped; localized and generalized forms |
|
|
What is the difference between localized and generalized Demodex mange?
|
Localized - from dec immunity
Generalized - from genetic defect causing dec T cells. Causes "red mange." Don't breed these animals! |
|
|
Demodex Dx?
|
SQUEEZE to get out of hair follicle
|
|
|
Chiggers:
1)Who bites the host? 2) Do they burrow? 3) Why do they make you itch? |
1) only the LARVAE are parasitic
2) NO 3) Digesitve enzymes in saliva cause allergic reaction |
|
|
Psoroptes
1) Who gets it? 2) Do they burrow? 3) What damage do they cause? |
1) RABBITS and livestock
2) NO, only puncture epidermis 3) Tissue necrosis or CNS-death in rabbits because they can get into the brain |
|
|
What do you do if you find Psoroptes on a patient?
|
REPORT it!
|
|
|
Otodectes cynotis
1) who gets them? 2) do they burrow? 3) what do you look for? |
aka "ear mite"
1) pets 2) no 3) black, dry ear wax (show client) |
|
|
Sarcoptes scabiei
1) who gets them? 2) do they burrow? 3) what do you look for? 4) problems? |
1) ALL animals (PEOPLE can get it from dogs)
2) Females burrow extensively 3) tough to see with skin scraping, Tx good for Dx 4) pruitis, self-mutilation |
|
|
Notoedres cati
|
causes the cat version of sarcoptic mange
|
|
|
Knemidokoptes spp.
|
Fowl; legs, feather shaft, or beak, depending on K. spp.
Cause scaly legs, face Cause deformed legs or beak (they do burrow) |
