Parasitology Exam 2

Front 1

Class
Subclass
Family
Genus
Common Name
for Alaria spp?

Back 1

C: Trematoda
S:Digenea
F: Diplostomatidae
G: Alaria spp
CN: intestinal flukes

Front 2

Host for Alaria spp?

Back 2

F: dog, cat, foxes, minks
I: feshwater snails and frogsd (tadpoles)
P: frogs, snakes, mice, rat, birds, small mammals, reptiles, humans
ZOONOSIS

Front 3

ID for Alaria spp?

Back 3

adult-10 mm, pink or brown, oral and ventral suckers
egg- oval, honey, 130 um, medium thick shell, operculum distinct

Front 4

Life Cycle for Alaria spp?

Back 4

final host passes egg in feces.
egg hatches in water.
miracidia emerge and penetrate snail.
emerge as cercaria and encyst in frogs as mesocercariae.
paratenic host becomes infected by wating frog with mesocercariae.
dog/ cat ingest 2nd int host or paratenic host, mesocercariae is liberated, penetrates gut wall, migrates to lung, and develops to juvenile fluke
juvenile fluke migrates to trachea, is swallowed,a nd matures in SI.

PPP 5 week

Front 5

Site of infection for Alaria spp?

Back 5

SI

Front 6

Pathogenesis/ lesions for Alaria spp?

Back 6

severe duodenitis
lung migration can caue clinical illness

Front 7

Clinical signs for Alaria spp?

Back 7

not evident usually

Front 8

Diagnosis for Alaria spp?

Back 8

fecal sedimentation for detection of eggs

Front 9

Treatment for Alaria spp?

Back 9

trat final hostw ith praziquantel or other cestocide

Front 10

Class
Subclass
Family
Genus species
Common Name
for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 10

C: Trematoda
S: Digenea
F: Troglotrematidae
G: Nanophyetus salmincola
CN: Salmon poisoning fluke

Front 11

Host for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 11

F: dog, cat, mink, racoon, skunk, coyote, other fish eating mammals
I: snails and fish

Front 12

ID for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 12

adult- ovoid, creamy white 2 mm
egg- oval, yellowish brown, thick shell 80 um

Front 13

Life Cycle for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 13

final host pass eggs in feces, hatching in streams.
miracidia emerge and penetrate snail.
cercariae emerge from snail and penetrate fish (salmonids).
form metacercariae in fish entering kidneys, muscles, fins (live up to 5 years).
dog/ cat ingest fish, juvenile fluke develops and excyst and matures in SI.

PPP 1 wk

Front 14

Site of infection for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 14

SI

Front 15

pathogenesis and lesions for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 15

extremely pathogenic
rickettsial organism vector causing severe hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs only

Front 16

Clinical signs for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 16

large number of flukes can cause diarrhea
hemorrhagic enteritis
lymph node enlargement
onset of fever
vomition
diarrhea
weight loss
high mortality

Front 17

Diagnosis for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 17

fecal sedimentation for detection of eggs

Front 18

Treatment and Prevention for Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 18

trematocidal anthelmintics
treat rickettsial organisms w/ tetracyclines

Front 19

Class
Subclass
Family
Genus Species
Common Name
for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 19

C: Trematodoa
S: Digenea
F: Paragonimidae
G: Paragonimus kellicotti
CN: Lung fluke

Front 20

Host for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 20

F: dogs, cats, other carnivores
I: snails, crayfish
10 species can infect humans

Front 21

ID for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 21

adults- ovoid up to 16 mm, reddish brown
eggs- oval, yellowish brown, up to 110 um w/ distinct operculum

Front 22

Life Cycle for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 22

eggs pass from a pulmonary cyst containing the flukes to a bronchiole, and are swept up the tracheobronchial tree, swallowed, and passed out in feces.
when eggs reach water, miracidia develop and penetrate the snail.
cercariae emerge from the snail, infect a crayfish and encyst as metacercariae (infective). dog/ cat ingest crayfish, juvenile cyst excyst in intestine, penetrate gut wall, migrates theu peritoneal cavity to lungs and mature in lung parenchyma. can live up to 4 years.

PPP 4-10 wk

Front 23

Site of infection for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 23

cysts in lung parenchyma

Front 24

Pathogenesis and lesions for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 24

developing flukes cause formation of cyst

Front 25

Clinical signs for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 25

absent
intermittent cough, severe cough, pnuemonia, death

Front 26

Diagnosis for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 26

radiographic lesions
fecal slotation
sedimentation- BETTER

Front 27

Treatment and prevention for Paragonimus kellicotti?

Back 27

praziquantal

Front 28

Class:
Subclass
Family
Genus Species
Common Name
for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 28

C: Trematoda
S: Digenea
F:Dicrocoeliidae
GS: Patynosomum fastosum
CN: Lizard poisoning

Front 29

Host for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 29

F: cats
I1: snail
I2: crustacean
P: lizard, toads, geckos, skinks (obligate paratenic 3rd host)

Front 30

ID for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 30

adult- 8 mm fluke
eggs- oval, brownish, up to 50 um, medium thick shell, operculate

Front 31

Life Cycle for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 31

eggs pass in feces into water.
snail ingest eggs and develop into miracidia and become cercariae.
cercariae emerge from snail which infect crustacean.
metacercariae encyst in crustacean.
lizard, toad, gecko, or skink ingests crustacean w/ metacercariae.cat eats the 3rd paratenic host ande develop into juvenile flukes, which migrate up to bile ducts.


PPP 3 months

Front 32

Site of infection for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 32

bile ducts

Front 33

pathogenesis and lesions for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 33

fluckes cause a hyperplasia of bile duct

Front 34

Clinical signs for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 34

mild infection tolerated.
heavy infection "lizard poisoning"; cirrhosis, jaundice icterus, diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, enlarged palpable liver with distended abdomen, emaciation, and death

Front 35

Diagnosis for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 35

eggs on fecal sedimentation (if bile ducts are obstructed, there will be no eggs in feces)

Front 36

treatment and prevention for Platynosomum fastosum?

Back 36

cestocidal drugs (praziquantel)
surgery

Front 37

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus species
Common Name
for Cuterebra spp?

Back 37

P: Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Diptera
F: Oestridae
GS: Cuterebra spp
CN: rodent bot fly, rabbit bot fly, new world skin bot flies

Front 38

Host for Cuterebra spp?

Back 38

rabbits and rodents
cats and dogs, squirrels, chipmunks
ZOONOSIS

Front 39

ID for Cuterebra spp?

Back 39

adult- large bee like, stout, mouthparts are vestigial
3rd stage- 2-4 cm, dark brown with black spines

Front 40

Life Cycle for Cuterebra spp?

Back 40

female fly lays eggs. as host brushes past, (infective) first larval stage hatch instantly and crawl immediately into host's fur.
larva enter host's skin or natural body opening. larvae migrates SQ-ly and develops to 3rd stage. these emerge thru hole in skin, drop into soil and pupate. adults emerge in spring, copulate, and lay eggs.

Front 41

Site of infection for Cuterebra spp?

Back 41

SQ connective tissue of cats and dogs Aug- Oct.

Front 42

pathogenesis and lesions for Cuterebra spp?

Back 42

fibrotic cyst in SQ tissue
Cat= brain infearction, feline ischemic encephalopathy

Front 43

Clinical signs for Cuterebra spp?

Back 43

lump in neck or legs, fur always wet, hole drips clear fluid

Front 44

Diagnosis for Cuterebra spp?

Back 44

color and spines of 3rd alrval stage
removes by enlarging breathing hole and removing with forceps (make sure remove completely)

Front 45

Treatment and Prevention for Cuterebra spp?

Back 45

MCL heartworm prevention

Front 46

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Common Name
for Culicidae?

Back 46

P:Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Diptera
F: Culicidae
CN: Mosquitoes

Front 47

ID for Culicidae?

Back 47

1 pair of wings and 1 pair of halteres
legs are thin and long
complex mouthparts form a long proboscis which projects forward into a thin tube
antennae as long as proboscis
palps may be short or long

Front 48

Hosts for Culicidae?

Back 48

humans and animals

Front 49

Phylum
Class
Order
Suborder
Common Name
for Ischnocera?

Back 49

P:Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Phthiraptera
SO: Ischnocera
CN: chewing lice

Front 50

Phylum
Class
Order
Suborder
Common Name
for Anoplura?

Back 50

P:Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Phthiraptera
SO: Anoplura
CN: bloodsucking lice

Front 51

Host/ ID for SO Ischnocera?

Back 51

biting, chewing lice
wide mandible mouthparts
feed on skin, hair, feathers, other organic material
3 mm, yellow
rapid movement to move over skin and covering
often bird lice

Front 52

Host/ ID for SO Anoplura?

Back 52

bloodsucking lice,
more pathogenic
pointed noses
large 3-5 mm
dark blue, depending on amoutn of blood ingested
slow moving
clasping hair shaft
lice of mammals

Front 53

Phylum
Class
Order
Suborder
Genus Species
Common Name
for Trichodectes canis?

Back 53

P: Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O:Phthiraptera
SO: Ischnocera
GS: Trichodectes canis
CN: Dog biting louse, canine cheweing louse

Front 54

host for Trichodectes canis?

Back 54

dogs

Front 55

ID for Trichodectes canis?

Back 55

adult wingless 1.9 mm
head as broad or broader than thorax w/ biting mouthparts
eggs and nits are elongate, operculate

Front 56

life cycle for Trichodectes canis?

Back 56

female lays whitich eggs "nits" which develop to adults in a month. eggs hatch to nymphs, and after 3 molts fully grown adults are present
requires the host to complete life cycle. lice are active on host.

Front 57

site of infection for Trichodectes canis?

Back 57

hair, skin

Front 58

pathogenesis and lesions for Trichodectes canis?

Back 58

vector of Dipylidium caninum. Heavy infestations of lice found in animals neglected and underfed. young are most affected

Front 59

clincal signs for Trichodectes canis?

Back 59

pruritus
dog scratches
loss ofhair
anemia can occur

Front 60

diagnosis for Trichodectes canis?

Back 60

identification of louse

Front 61

treatment and prevention for Trichodectes canis?

Back 61

avoid direct contact with brushes, combs, and blankets
frontline, frontline plus

Front 62

Phylum
Class
Order
Suborder
Family
Genus species
Common name
for Linognathus setosus?

Back 62

P: Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Phthiraptera
SO: Anoplura
F: Linognathidae
GS: Linognathus setosus
CN: dog sucking louse

Front 63

host for Linognathus setosus?

Back 63

dogs

Front 64

ID for Linognathus setosus?

Back 64

adult wingless, 3-5 mm, flattened dorsoventrally
bluish black
eggs or nite whitish, elongate, operculate

Front 65

life cycle for Linognathus setosus?

Back 65

female attach eggs "nits" to hair , which develop to adults in a month. egg hatches to nymphs, and after 3 molts fully grown adults are present. requires host to complete life cycle. nymphs and adults can live off their hosts for only a few hours. whole cycle is 2-4 weeks.

Front 66

site of infection for Linognathus setosus?

Back 66

skin

Front 67

pathogenesis and lesions for Linognathus setosus?

Back 67

heavy infestation can cause severe anemia

Front 68

clinical signs for Linognathus setosus?

Back 68

loss of body condition and damage to skin

Front 69

diagnosis for Linognathus setosus?

Back 69

louse identification

Front 70

treatment and prevention for Linognathus setosus?

Back 70

prevent transmission by direct contact with brushes, combs, and blankets, use MCL

Front 71

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Species
Common Name
for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 71

P: Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Siphonaptera
F: Pulicidae
GS: Ctenocephalides felis/ Ctenocephalides canis
CN: cat flea/ dog flea

Front 72

host for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 72

dogs and cats

Front 73

id for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 73

adults- 5 mm
larva - 5 mm
egg- oval and pearly white 0.5 mm

Front 74

life cycle for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 74

both sexes are bloodsuckers.
adults are parasitic.
eggs are laid on the host.
three larval stages with chewing mouthparts.
larva prefer secluded dark areas even in environment as well as host.
3rd larva spins a cocoon and becomes a pupa.
an adult emerges (stimulated to emerge by cues ex: vibrations)
once on a host, adult fleas are permanent residents.
animal acquires flea primarily from infested environs.
fleas feed on blood within 5 minutes of arriving on ahost. matingoccurs 24-48 hours later.
NONE of the flea stages can survive freezing temperatures above 35 C or relative humidity <50%
once they leave their host, will die in 2-4 d.
egg- adult 20-30 d; complete life cycle 1-2 yr.

Front 75

site of infection for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 75

skin. back, ventral abdomen and inner thighs.

Front 76

pathogenesis and lesions/ clinical signs for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 76

flea bite allergy, flea allergy dermatitis, pruritus, alopecia, and anemia
vectors of viruses, bacteria, tapeworms

Front 77

diagnosis for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 77

prescene of fleas, flea feces, and blood on host and in bedding.

Front 78

treatment and prevention for Ctenocephalides felis and
Ctenocephalides canis?

Back 78

requires breaking the life cycle strategically. insecticides for animal and environment (but dont treat all life cycles). environmental control of fleas.

Front 79

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Common Name
for Reduviidae?

Back 79

P: Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Hemiptera
F: Reduviidae
CN: Assassin bugs or kissing bugs

Front 80

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Common Name
for Cimicidae?

Back 80

P: Arthropoda
C: Insecta
O: Hemiptera
F: Cimicidae
CN: Bed bugs

Front 81

Hosts for Reduviids and Cimicids?

Back 81

many animals, and humans

Front 82

ID for Reduviids?

Back 82

18 mm
2 pairs of wings
- painful bites
-3 segmented beak mouthparts designed to pierce and suck blood
- transmit Trypanosoma cruzi
- allergic reactions at site of bite

Front 83

ID for Cimicids?

Back 83

5-7 mm
2 pairs of wings
-3 segmented beak mouthparts designed to pierce and suck blood
-does not transmit disease
- allergic reactions at site of bite

Front 84

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Species
Common Name
for Ixodes spp?

Back 84

P: Arthropoda
C: Arachnida
O: Acari
F: Ixodidae
GS: Ixodes spp
CN: black legged tick or deer tick

Front 85

host for Ixodes spp?

Back 85

all mammals, birds, and humans
larvae and nymphs feed on mice and the adults on deer.

Front 86

ID for Ixodes spp?

Back 86

adult- dark brown small tick
(unfed 4mm; fed female 10 mm)
scutum is inornate, no eyes or festoons present
palps are long
anal groove forms an arch anterior to the anus

Front 87

life cycle for Ixodes spp?

Back 87

3 host tick

requires adult females to engorge inf all, overwinter and lay eggs in spring.
if they dont find a suitable host, their life cycle can take up to 4 years

Front 88

site of infection for Ixodes spp?

Back 88

skin. all over body especially axilla, inguinal region, face, and ears.

Front 89

pathogenesis and lesions/ clinical signs for Ixodes spp?

Back 89

paralysis
local skin reaction to bite
transmit viral, protzoal and other infectious diseases including Lyme ( Borrelia burgdorferi) and Ehrlichia. Causes tick worry. Entry point for bacterial disease.

Front 90

Diagnosis for Ixodes spp?

Back 90

engorged females seen easily

Front 91

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Species
Common Name
for Dermacentor spp?

Back 91

P: Arthropoda
C: Arachnida
O: Acari
F: Ixodidae
GS: Dermacentor spp
CN: Amerocan dog tick, Rock Mountain wood tick

Front 92

Host for Dermacentor spp?

Back 92

larvae ad nymphs feed on small rodents and other small mammals. adults feed on dogs, humans, horses, cattle, wildlife. will infest cats and humans.

Front 93

ID for Dermacentor spp?

Back 93

adults- pale brown to gray, medium size ticks. unfed 6 mm, fed female 15 mm. scutum is ornate with festoons, palps are short, basis capituli is rectangular

Front 94

life cycle for Dermacentor spp?

Back 94

3 host tick

Front 95

site of infection for Dermacentor spp?

Back 95

skin around head and neck

Front 96

pathogenesis and lesions/ clinical signs for Dermacentor spp?

Back 96

most common tick on dogs north america. transmits rocky moutain spotted fever. in humans caused by rickettsia rickettsi
transmits tularemia in humans and babesia in dogs and horses. cause tick paralysis potentially in dogs cats and cattle.

Front 97

diagnosis for Dermacentor spp?

Back 97

identification of tick