Parasitology - Enoplida

Front 1

what is a general characteristic of order enoplida?

Back 1

stichosome esophagus

Front 2

where are Trichinella spiralis found?

Back 2

all warm blooded animals; not species-specific. ZOONOTIC

Front 3

where are Trichinella pseudospiralis found?

Back 3

all warm blooded animals; not species-specific. ZOONOTIC

Front 4

where are Trichuris vulpis found?

Back 4

long intestine and cecum of the dog

Front 5

where are Trichuris campanula found?

Back 5

long intestine and cecum of the cat

Front 6

where are Trichuris ovis found?

Back 6

long intestine and cecum of sheep and goat

Front 7

where are Trichuris discolor found?

Back 7

long intestine and cecum of cattle

Front 8

where are Trichuris suis found?

Back 8

long intestine and cecum of swine

Front 9

where are Trichuris trichiura found?

Back 9

long intestine and cecum of humans

Front 10

where are Capillaria (Eucoleus) bohmi found?

Back 10

nasal sinuses, bronchi, trachea of dogs and cats

Front 11

where are Capillaria aerophilus found?

Back 11

nasal sinuses, bronchi, trachea of dogs and cats

Front 12

where are Capillaria plica found?

Back 12

bladder of cat and dog

Front 13

where are Capillaria feliscati found?

Back 13

badder of cats

Front 14

where are Capillaria putorii found?

Back 14

small intestine of cats, bears and raccoons

Front 15

where are Capillaria bovis found?

Back 15

small intestine of ruminants

Front 16

where are Capillaria brevipes found?

Back 16

small intestine of ruminants

Front 17

what is the morphology of Trichinella species?

Back 17

1.4-4mm stichosome esophagus. No eggs. No free-living forms

Front 18

what is the morphology of Trichuris species?

Back 18

50-80mm. Anterior 2/3 thin. Posterior 1/3 thick. Stichosome esophagus. Bipolar egg plugs (smooth surface)

Front 19

what is the morphology of Capillaria species?

Back 19

body is capillary-like. Male spicule sheath. Bipolar egg plugs (rough surface)

Front 20

what is the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

Back 20

adults in small intestine mucosa > viviparous, gives birth L1 > migrate through intestinal mucosa > lymphatics >bloodstream > muscles. Redirects muscle cell metabolism to support larval growth (fibrous capsule), remain at L1 (infective) until ingested > liberate from capsule, develop to adulthood in 2 days

Front 21

what is the life cycle of Trichinella pseudospiralis?

Back 21

L1 in muscle are unenccapsulated

Front 22

what is the life cycle of Trichuris species?

Back 22

adult females in L1 > produce eggs, 3 wks to develop infective L1 > eggs containing L1 infective and resistant in environment > eggs containing L1 ingested, hatch, penetrate mucosa for 8-10days, return to intestinal lumen to cecum/colon > develop to adults

Front 23

what is the life cycle of Capillaria (Eucoleus) bohmi & Capillaria aerophilus?

Back 23

infective stage is egg containing L1, L1 in earthworm paratenic host, L1 hatches in intestine, migrate to lungs > up bronchi (in epithelium)

Front 24

what is the life cycle of Capillaria plica & Capillaria feliscati?

Back 24

indirect; earthworms as intermediate host, unknown paratenic host

Front 25

what is the life cycle of Capillaria bovis & Capillaria brevipes?

Back 25

probably direct

Front 26

what is the life cycle of Capillaria putorii?

Back 26

unknown, probably indirect

Front 27

what is the pathogenesis of Trichinella species?

Back 27

clinical disease in humans, rarely other species. Transient enteritis from adults. Myositis/paralysis from L1 in muscles (respiratory muscles result in death), commonly diaphragm/esophagus

Front 28

what is the diagnosis of Trichinella species?

Back 28

clinical signs after eating undercooked meat; antibody titers, eosinophilia, muscle pain, facial edema

Front 29

what is the pathogenesis of Trichuris species?

Back 29

most severe in pigs and dogs. Inflammation of L1, hemorrhagic foci, eosinophil infiltration. Potentiates bacteril infection (ineffectual Th2 response)

Front 30

what is the clinical signs of Trichuris species?

Back 30

swine get severe dysentery, intermittently bloody, anorexia, anemia, weight loss. In dogs diarrhea and anorexia.

Front 31

what is the diagnosis of Trichuris species?

Back 31

it is difficult by fecal exam (larvae and immature adults cause disease; eggs are produced sporadically)

Front 32

what is the pathogenesis of Capillaria (Eucoleus) bohmi & Capillaria aerophilus?

Back 32

sligh cough but in fox causes severe bronchitis

Front 33

what is the pathogenesis of Capillaria plica & Capillaria feliscati?

Back 33

possibly cystitis? Usually asymptomatic. Eggs in urine sediment

Front 34

what is the life cycle of Capillaria bovis & Capillaria brevipes?

Back 34

none in cat

Front 35

what is the life cycle of Capillaria putorii?

Back 35

none

Front 36

how do we treat Trichinella spiralis?

Back 36

examine meat for fibour capsules (Europe), cook pork thoroughly (USA). Restrict garbage feeding in pigs; rodent control. No treatment is feasible for pigs. In humans albendazole or fenbendazole + pyrantel, steroids

Front 37

how do we treat Trichinella pseudospiralis?

Back 37

monitoring can't rely on looking for capsule like spiralis

Front 38

what is the prepatent period for Trichuris species?

Back 38

12 wks in dogs, 6 wks in pigs

Front 39

what is the common name for Trichuris species?

Back 39

whipworms

Front 40

how do we treat Trichuris species?

Back 40

eggs highly resistant and larvae long lived. Change nvironment and repeat treatment. Dugs do not kill larval stages or immature adults during first 2 months of infection in dogs. Treat q3w (remove larvae that are over 9 wks old) then redose at 3 weeks; recheck in 3 months. use milbemycin/interceptor dosed q3w

Front 41

how do we treat Capillaria species?

Back 41

levamisole, fenbendazole, or ivermectin. Prevent access to paratenic hosts; sanitation to minimize egg contamination.