Parasitology

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Symbiosis

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two different types of organisms living together

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Mutualism

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2 organisms of different species live in a relationship where both benefit

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Commensalism

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relationship where 1 organism benefits and the other does not, but is not harmed by therelationship

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Parasitism-

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a relationship in which 1 organism lives off another (host) and causes harm to the hostBacteria, viruses and fungi can be considered parasites; however, we tend to view parasitology as thestudy of protozoa, helminths and arthropods

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Ectoparasite-

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a parasite that lives on the outer surface of the organism; ticks, lice, fleas

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Endoparasite

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a parasite that lives inside the organism; tapeworm, Giardia, Plasmodium

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Host-

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any organism that supports another organism

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Definitive host

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the organism in which the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction

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Intermediate host-

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an organism in which the parasite goes through a developmental stage/asexual repro

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Reservoir host

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- infected organism (usually an animal) makes parasite available for transmission to otherhost

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Biological vector

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an organism in which the parasite undergoes part of its lifecycle and then transmitsthe parasite to another organism; female Anopheles mosquito

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Mechanical vector

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an organism that transmits a parasite, but is not part of the parasites life cycle, forexample- flies, roaches, rodents

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Monoecious

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- animal that has both male and female reproductive organs-hermaphrodite

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Dioecious-

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sanimal that has only male or female reproductive organs

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Cyst

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- spore like stage of protozoa; thick wall - resists unfavorable environment like chemicals ortemperature or pH changes

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Trophozoite

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- active, motile, feeding, growing stage

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Oocyst

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cyst form in genus Plasmodium and Toxoplama

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Cercaria-

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free swimming larva of trematodes (flukes)

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Metacercaria

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- encysted stage of flukes in its final intermediate host

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Platyhelminthes

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flat worms, such as trematodes (flukes) and cestodes (tapeworms)

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Nematodes

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round worms, such as Ascaris and Enterobius, and hookworms