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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the complications of plasmodium falciparum
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*erythrocytes become sticky
1)erythrocytes adhere to & obstruct brain capillaries (DEATH) 2)Renal Failure - hemolysis and obstruction 3)Anemia - rupture of RBC's & suppression of hematopoiesis due to cytokine production |
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What is the lifecycle and transmission of plasmodium falciparum
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Transmitted by female mosquito
-sporozoites are released and go to hepatocytes -merozoites leave hepatocytes and infect RBC's -infected RBC's release merozoites (Takes about 2 weeks for incubation) |
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What is different from Plasmodium vivax/ ovale from P. Falciparum
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RBC's don't become sticky
Remain dormant in liver as hypnozoites *once blood cleared of merozoites relapse |
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What is the duffy gene
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duffy antigen chemokine receptor on RBC's, lack of it prevents Vivax merozoites from binding
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What is Plasmodium malariae
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low grade infection and persists for years
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What are common drugs to treat falciparum, vivax/ ovale, malariae
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f-mefloquine or quinidine + doxycycline
v/o- chloroquine then primaquine m- chloroquine |
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What does P. Falciparum look like
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Within RBC's signet ring
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What spreads T. Brucei and T. Cruzi
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B-tetse fly
C-reduviid bugs |
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What does T. Brucei cause
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african sleeping sickness
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What is the prophylaxis for malaria
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mefloquine
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What are the common ways of getting Toxoplasma
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undercooked lamb, pork, or eggs
cat crap |
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What is the pathogenesis of toxo
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tachyzoite developes intracellulary in skeletal muscle, heart, brain (persists for life)
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How does the body keep toxo at bay
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CD8 T-cells destroy infected cells
CD4 T-cells stimulate macrophages to destroy ingested tachyzoites |
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What does the congenital Toxo infection
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?
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How is toxo treated
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pyrimethamine w/ sufonamide or clindamycin
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What are complications of Giardia and how is at most risk
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Chronic malabsorption w/ upper small ball attachment
-IgA deficient people |
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How is Giardia treated
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metronidazole, nitazoxanide, paromomycin
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How is cryptosporidium treated
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nitazoxanide or paromomycin
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How is cryptosporidium identified in pt's
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stool sample
-antibody linked stains or -oocysts acid-fast (similar to microsporidium) |
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How prevalent is Entamoeba Histolytica
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10% all people infected, 90% assymptomatic
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What is pathogenesis of Entamoeba Histolytica
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trophozoites destroy neutrophils and invade tissues
-adhere to human cells and secrete toxins digesting tissue *trophozoites often enter portal venous system liver abscesses, brain and lung abscesses |
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What is pathology of mucosa of intestine look like with Entamoeba
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flask-shaped ulcers
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How is Entamoeba diagnosed
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-stool examination or mucosal biopsy
-invasive serology (99% +) and CT |
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How in Entamoeba treated
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Metronidazole, (No N), Paromomycin
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Match Tachyzoites and Trophozoites w/ parasite
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Tachy- toxo
Tropho- Giardia & entamoeba |
