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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Giardia lamblia
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protozoan. Causes Giardiasis- bloating flatulence, foul-smelling fatty diarrhea, often seen in campers/hikers. Transmitted by cysts in water. Dx- Trophozoites or cysts in stool. Tx- metronidazole.
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Entamoeba histolytica
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protozoan. Causes Amebiasis- bloody diarrhea (dysentery), reddish brown liver abscess. RUQ pain. Histology shows flask-shaped ulcer if submucosal abscess of colon ruptures. Transmitted by cysts in water. Dx- serology, cysts or trophozoites in stool, RBC in cytoplasm of enamoeba. Tx- metronidazole or iodoquinol
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Cryptosporidium
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protozoan. Causes Severe diarrhea in AIDS pts. Mild disease-watery diarrhea in non-immunocomp. Transmission- cysts in water. Dx- cysts on acid-fast stain. Tx- Prevention by filitering city water supplies.
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Toxoplasma gondii
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protozoan. Brain abscesses in HIV- "Ring enhancing lesions" on CT/MRI. Congenital-triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications. Transmission- cysts in meat or cat lesions, crosses placenta. Dx- serology, bx. Tx- Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
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Naegleria fowleri
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protozoan- Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis. Transmission- swimming in freshwater plate, enter via cribiform plate. Dx- Amoebas in spinal fluid. Tx- none
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Trypanasoma gambiense and rhodiense
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protozoan. Causes African sleeping sickness- enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever due to ag variation, somnolence, coma. Transmission- tsetse fly, a painful bite. Dx- blood smear. Tx- Suramin for blood dz, Melarsoprol for CNS
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Trypanasoma cruzi
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protozoan. Chagas dz-dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus. Predominantly in South America. Transmission- Reduviid bug- "kissing bug", painless bite. Dx- blood smear. Tx- Nifurtimox
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Leishmania donovani
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protozoan- Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)- spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia. Transmission- Sandfly. Dx- Macrophages containing amastigotes (flagella-less form). Tx- Sodium stibogluconate.
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Plasmodium vivax/ovale
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protozoan. Malaria-cyclic fever, headache, anemia. Cycles occur every other day. Dormant form in liver tx w/ primaquine. Transmission- anopheles mosquito. Dx- blood smear. Tx- w/ chloroquine, resistant-mefloquine.
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Plasmodium falciparum
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protozoan. Malaria-cyclic fever, headache, anemia. Severe, daily cycles, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys, lungs. Transmission- anopheles mosquito. Tx- begin w/ chloroquine, resistant-primaquine
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Babesia
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protozoan- Casues Babesiosis-fever, hemolytic anemia, predominantly in NE US. Transmission- Ixodes tick. Dx- blood smear, no RBC pigment, appears as Maltese cross. Tx- quinidine, clindamycin
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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protozoan- Vaginitis- foul smelling greenish discharge, itching, burning. Transmission- STD. Dx- motile trophozoites on wet mount. Tx- metronidazole.
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Enterobus vermicularis/pinworm
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helminth-nematode- Intestinal infection, causes anal prutitis. Trans- food contaminated w/ eggs. Tx- -bendazoles, pyrantel pamoate
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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helminth-nematode- intestinal infection. Dx- eggs visible in feces. Tx- -bendazoles, pyrantel pamoate
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Trichinella spiralis
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helminth-nematode. Inflammation of muscle. Larvae encyst in muscle. Periorbital edema. From undercooked meat, usually pork. Tx- -bendazoles
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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helminth-nematode. Larvae in soil penetrate the skin, intestinal infection, causes vomiting, diarrhea, and anemia. Tx- -bendazoles or ivermectin
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Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)
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helminth-nematode. Larvae penetrate skin of feet. Intestinal infection can cause anemia- sucks blood from intestinal wall. Tx- -bendazoles, pyrantel pamoate
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Dracunculus medinensis
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helminth-nematode. In drinking water. Skin inflammation and ulceration. Tx- niridazole
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Onchocerca volvulus
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helminth-nematode. Transmitted by female blackflies. Causes hyperpigmented skin and river blindness. Can have allergic rxn to microfilaria. Tx-IVERmectin for rIVER blindness
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Loa loa
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helminth-nematode. Transmitted by deer fly, horse fly, and mango fly. Causes swelling in skin, can see worm crawling in conjunctiva. Tx- Diethylcarbamazine
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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helminth-nematode- Transmitted by female mosquito. Causes blockage of lymphatic vessels and leads to elephantiasis. Takes 9-12 mos after bite to get elephantiasis. Tx- Diethycarbamazine
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Toxocara canis
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helminth-nematode- Food contaminated w/ eggs. Causes granulomas and visceral larva migrans. If in retina- leads to blindness. Tx- Diethylcarbamazine.
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Taenia solium
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helminth-cestode. Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork leads to intestinal tapeworms. Ingestion of eggs causes cysticercosis and neurocysticerosis. Mass lesions in brain- have swiss cheese appearance. Tx- Praziquantel, -bendazoles for neurocysticerosis
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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helminth-cestode. Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish. Causes vit B12 deficiency, results in anemia. Tx- praziquantel
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Echinococcus granulosus
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helminth-cestode. Eggs in dog feces when ingested can cause cysts in liver. Causes anaphylaxis if echinococcal ag are released from cysts. Surgeons inject ethanol before removal to neutralize ag. Tx- -bendazoles.
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Schitosoma
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helminth-trematode. Snails are host. Cercariae penetrate skin, causes granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation of liver and spleen. Chronic S. haematobium leads to squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. Tx- praziquantel
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Clonorchis sinensis
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helminth-trematode. Undercooked fish. Causes inflammation of biliary tract, leads to pigmented gallstones. Associated w/ cholangiocarcinoma. Tx- praziquantel
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Paragonimus
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helminth-trematode- undercooked crab meat. Causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of lung, causes hemoptysis. Tx- praziquantel.
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Ingested nematodes infection
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Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
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Cutaneous nematode infection
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Strongyloides, Anclyostoma, Necator
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Brain cysts, seizures
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Taenia solium
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Liver cysts
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Echinococcus granulosa
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B12 deficiency
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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Biliary tract dz, cholangiocarcinoma
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Hemoptysis
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Paragonimus westermani
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Portal hypertension
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Schistosoma mansoni
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Hematuria, bladder cancer
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Schistosoma haematobium
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Microcytic anemia
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Ancylostoma, Necator
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Perianal pruritis
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Enterobius/pinworm
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Typhoid fever
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caused by Salmonella typhi
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Typhus
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Epidemic- Rickettsia prowazekii, Endemic- Rickettsia typhi, Scrub typhus- Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Bacteria, STD
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Treponema
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syphilis and yaws
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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protozoan, STD
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Typanasoma
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Protozoan, Chagas dz or African sleeping sickness
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Toxoplasma
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Protozoan, Neonate-triad chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intravranial calcifications. TORCH infection
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Trichinella spiralis
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Nematode in undercooked meat
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Taenia solium
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Tapeworm larvae- intestinal infection. Eggs- neurocysticercosis in pork
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