Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Flies general info
|
Order Diptera
1 pair of wings (hind pair is reduced=halteres) complete metamorphosis, most oviparious can be parasites as larva or adults but rarely both |
adult flies can be sponging, piercing-sucking, or combo of both
|
|
|
to id adult flies
|
host association, approximate size, mouth-part type, antannae type, wing veins, and bristle patterns (chaetotaxy
|
|
|
|
to id fly larva
|
host association, location on host, (wound-necrotic tissue or living tissue), shape, number, and location of spines, dark pigmented tracheal trunks
|
|
|
|
mosquitoes
|
family Cuclicidae
sole vectors of pathogens causing malaria, yellow fever, dengue, filariases and viral encephalitides usually not important for livestock only female adults take blood |
oviparious, lay eggs on water/near water
egg-->larvae(wigglers)-->pupate (tumblers)-->adults wigglers feed primarily on microorganism suspended in water long piercing-sucking mouthparts |
|
|
Aedes spp.
|
contains half of N. American mosquitos (urban and rural)
feed during the evening deposit eggs right around waterline in treeholes or containers |
biologically transmits:
Aedes aegyptis --> transmits yellow fever all equine encephalomyelitis + WNV dirofilaria immitis (heartworm dog/cat) Avian Plasmoidum |
|
|
Anopheles spp.
|
lay eggs in permenant bodies of water
|
transmits:
malaria in humans (Plasmodium) Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) VEE Virus, WNV |
|
|
Culex spp.
|
tolerates water with high organic matter for oviposition, lays eggs in rafts
femailes bit at night, will readily enter homes make high pitched "hum" |
transmits;
Avian Plasmodium Dirofilaria immitis (dog/cat heartworm) EEE, WEE, St. Louis Encepalitis primary vector of WNV |
|
|
mosquito control
|
eliminate standard water is best way,
insecticide applications provide only a temporary protection of animals, foggers should be sprayed based on population and not on a set schedule to decrease tolerance |
vaccinate animals against WEE,EEE, VEE, and WNV
keep dogs and cats on HW preventative |
|
|
Simulium spp
|
Black flies (buffalo gnats)
female adult is blood sucker oviparious, small, hump-backed fies, blade like piercing mouth parts breed in running H2O |
Adult females feed primarily on poultry, cattle, horses-->preferably ears
swarms have been associated with suffication (saliva contains a toxin increasing capillary permeability leading to edema of nasal passages) transmits: leucocytozoon (avian protozoan) + EEE, vesicular stomatitis |
|
|
Culicoides spp
|
Biting Midges (no-see-ums)
only adult females suck blood, typically bites in evening/early morning (corpuscular) high numbers in July-September poor flyers, around wet areas |
causes allgeric dematitis in horses "sweet itch" or "queensland itch"
transmits: onchocerca (horse nematode that can cause night blindness), Haemoproteus (avian protozoa), Chandlerella quiscali (avian nematode), BTV, VEE |
|
|
Phlebotomus spp.
|
eastern hemisphere sandflies
breed in dark places, burrows etc, active at night, poor flyers but sml enough to pass through insect proof screens piercing mouthparts |
transmits:
leishmania spp. (protazoan for dogs, cats, humans) vesicular stomatitis virus |
|
|
Lutzomyia spp.
|
western hemisphere sandflies
breed in dark places, burrows etc, active at night, poor flyers but sml enough to pass through insect proof screens piercing mouthparts |
transmits:
leishmania spp. (protazoan for dogs, cats, humans) vesicular stomatitis virus |
|
|
Premise Flies
|
House and Stable flies
commonly assocaited with buildup of wet organic matter eggs laid in rotting organic matter family: Musciadae |
|
|
|
Musca Domestica
|
common house fly
sponging mouth parts active during day, feed on nasal and eye secretions as well as blood from an already present wound only on host wheen feeding, |
mechanically transmits:
Enterobacteriacea, moraxella bovis, entamoeba histolytica (protozoa that causes amoebic dysentery), Taenia (tapeworm eggs) Biologically: primary vector of stomach worms (Draschia and Habronema), Choanotaenia (chicken tapeworms) |
|
|
Musca Domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans
and Draschia and Habronema |
Both flies transmit Draschi and Habronema (equine stomach worms)
Fly larva ingest eggs --> at L3 the nematode moves out of the fly's mouth-parts onto the horse's mouth or fly is eaten by horse |
Habronema develops free in stomach
Draschia develops in mucosal nodules |
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans
|
Stable fly
looks just like the common house fly but has piercing mouth-parts day-biting, feeds on lower legs/ventrum of livestocks as well as dog ears |
both sexes are blood feeders and are only on host when attempting to feed
mech. transmits: equine infectious anemia, Anaplasma marginale Bio. transmits: Draschia/Habtonema (equine nematode), Choantaenia (chicken tapeworm) |
|
|
Pasture or range fly
|
Horse (Tabanus) and deer (Chrysops) flies
Large flies w/D-shaped heads Only adult females take blood and are intermittent, day-time feeders Larvae carnivorus and live in aquatics viscious biters who seek prey by sight/dark moving shapes |
there is no economically feasable way to cntl horse flies in either adult or larval stages because they are resistant to pesticide and because the spend such a short time on host
|
|
|
Haematobia irritans
|
Horn Fly
peircing-sucking mouth-parts both sexes are intermittent blood-suckers, may feed 20+ times/day eggs layed in fresh cow manure both adults are on host constantly except when females lay eggs |
transmits; Stephanofilaria stilesi (cattle nematode that causes ventral dermatitis), Staph aureus (mastitis)
easy to cntl fly bcuz always on host |
|
|
Tabanus spp.
|
Horse fly
Large flies w/D-shaped heads Only adult females take blood and are intermittent, day-time feeders Larvae carnivorus and live in aquatics viscious biters who seek prey by sight/dark moving shapes |
mech transmit: anthrax, anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia, bovine lymphoma, hog cholera (classical swine fever), and vesicular stomatitus
bio. transmits: Trypanosoma theileri (cattle protozoan), Elaeophora schneideri (rum. nematode) |
|
|
Chrysops spp.
|
Deer fly,
Large flies w/D-shaped heads Only adult females take blood and are intermittent, day-time feeders Larvae carnivorus and live in aquatics viscious biters who seek prey by sight/dark moving shapes |
mech transmit: anthrax, anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia, bovine lymphoma, hog cholera (classical swine fever), and vesicular stomatitus
bio. transmits: Trypanosoma theileri (cattle protozoan), Elaeophora schneideri (rum. nematode) |
|
|
Musca autumnalis
|
Face fly
sponging mouth-parts only primary source of annoyance to grazing cattle both sexes only on host to feed on eye/nose secretions lay eggs in fresh cow manure can provide shelter to cntl flies bcuz won't enter buildings |
transmits: Moraxella bovis, Thelazia (nematode of domestic species + rabbits and deer)
nematode eggs picked up by adult in lachrymal secretions--> develop in fly and L3 nematode larva migrates to fly mouthparts to infect host |
|
|
Keds
|
dorsally flattened, wingless, reddish brown, piercing-sucking mouthparts
on host most of life |
|
|
|
Melohagus ovinus
|
sheep ked
on host all time, both sexes take blood females deposit full grown larvae which pupate in few hours still on host fairly host specific (so sheep) will bite humans, and has limited success with goats transmission by direct contact |
cause wool damage and anemia/irritation
bio. vector for Trypanosoma melophagium (non-pathogenic protozoan) reduce keds by shearing or w/ ivermectin |
|
|
Lipoptena cervi
|
deer keds
winged adults search for host, shed wings, blood feed and mate otherwise just like sheep ked |
do not transmit any disease
|
|
|
Myiasis
|
infestation of living tissue by fly larvae (maggots)
can be obligate/faculative, dermal/internal id larva best when using 3rd stage larva key |
5 families
blow flies (calliphoridae) flesh flies (sarcophagidae) gasterophilidae (bots) Cuterebridae (rabbit/rodent bots) oestridae (bots) |
|
|
faculative dermal myiasis host conditions
|
necrotic lesion
build up of manure/urine on animal failure of mother to properly dry newborn animal wet wool/hair which ferments due to bacterial activity |
|
|
|
Cochiomyia hominivorax
|
Primary Screwworm
Obligate dermal myiasis for all livestock, pets, occasionally humans eradicated from north and central america by sterelized male flies *reportable* larva has pigmented tracheal trunks |
life-cycle
adult female depostis eggs in fresh wound->larva liqufy tissue as feed and wound enlarges->larva drop to ground to burrow and pupate odor attracts other kinds of flies to deposit eggs in wounds-> fill with maggots |
|
|
Cochliomyia macelliaria
|
secondary screwworm
faculative dermal myiasis females lay eggs in organic matter (wounds/urine/feces) can cause significant damage in sheep and others, eat dead/necrotic tissue, odor of maggot infestation=diagnostic |
adults have sponging mouthparts
|
|
|
Lucilia (phaenicia) spp.
|
faculative dermal myiasis
females lay eggs in organic matter (wounds/urine/feces) can cause significant damage in sheep and others, eat dead/necrotic tissue, odor of maggot infestation=diagnostic |
fly strike- fleece worm in sheep
mulesing is used in Austraila to prevent fly strike adults have sponging mouthparts |
|
|
Phormia spp
|
aculative dermal myiasis
females lay eggs in organic matter (wounds/urine/feces) can cause significant damage in sheep and others, eat dead/necrotic tissue, odor of maggot infestation=diagnostic |
adults have sponging mouthparts
|
|
|
Calliphora spp.
|
aculative dermal myiasis
females lay eggs in organic matter (wounds/urine/feces) can cause significant damage in sheep and others, eat dead/necrotic tissue, odor of maggot infestation=diagnostic |
adults have sponging mouthparts
|
|
|
Family: Sacropagidae
|
flesh flies
faculative/obligative dermal myiasis (sp. dependent) larva like all warm-blooded vertebrates, decying flesh, excretement, larva causes considerable tissue damage |
treatment and cntl
sanitation! reduce overcrowding remove hair and allow to dry local treatment of maggots prevent re-infestation with residual insecticide |
|
|
Wohlfahrtia spp.
|
flesh fly
larva causes considerable tissue damage |
|
|
|
Family: Cuterebridae
|
Rabbit or Rodent bots
obligate dermal myiasis fairly host specific to rabbits/rodents occasiounal summer ectoprasite of kittens, puppies etc) usually only 1 bot infection (don't feed as adults) |
life cycle
female lays eggs near burrows->eggs are picked up by host->larva enters orifices or penetrates skin->migrates subdermally rodents (warble near tail) kittenst/puppies (warble near neck) remove surgically |
|
|
Cuterebra spp.
|
example of Rabbit or Rodent bots
obligate dermal myiasis fairly host specific to rabbits/rodents occasiounal summer ectoprasite of kittens, puppies etc) usually only 1 bot infection (don't feed as adults) |
|
|
|
Family Gasterophilidae
Gastrophilis spp. |
horse bot
obligate internal myiasis |
eggs attach to host (directly to or on hair)-> larva burrow into tissue of host and migrate to GI tract ->L2 in winter to stomach-> L3 in spring detach and pass in feces->pupate in ground->adults do not have functional mouthparts (don't feed)
|
|
|
Gastrophilus intestinalis
|
common horse bot
Cosmopolitan, most common/ least important species little evidence of real damage to horse though adult flies can be annoying |
layed on forelegs
eggs require moisture to hatch->enter mouth when licked->penetrate tongue->migrate to nonglandular part of stomach |
|
|
Gasterophilus nasalis
|
chin or throat bot
cosmopolitan |
eggs attach to submandibular region->larva directly migrate to glandular (pyloric)part of stomach/duodenum
|
|
|
Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis
|
nose bot
north US/not TX |
black eggs attach to nasal hairs, muzzle,lips->hatch in mouth moisture->migrate to somach (same as common bot)->larva leave stomach and attach to anal mucosa for 6 weeks
|
|
|
Gasterophilus spp.
cntl and treatment |
G. nasalis & G. intestinalis have seasonal distribution with peak transmission in autumn/winter (when larva in stomach)
treat 30 days following first killing frost (most bots will be in stomach at this time) |
|
|
|
Oestrus ovis
|
sheep nose bot
obligate internal myiasis sheep occasionally goats/humans/others cause a mucopurulent discharge very susceptible to ivermectin |
larva depositied in nostrils->migrate to sinuses (feed on mucous)->larva expelled from nose->pupate on ground
|
|
|
Hypoderma bovis
|
northern cattle grub, Ox warble
in north US/Canada, not TX economic loss from hide damage/fat trim and from gadding(stress from adult fly ovipositioning) |
lay eggs on heels of cattle->larva enter through skin through hair follicles->migrate through ct to SPINAL CANAL EPIDURAL FAT->l2 to SQ of back-> l3 drop out hole to pupate on ground
|
|
|
Hypoderma lineatum
|
Common cattle grub, heel fly
obligate internal myiasis occasionally parastize other species inc. horses, widespead in US economic loss from hide damage/fat trim and from gadding(stress from adult fly ovipositioning) |
lay eggs on heels of cattle->larva enter through skin through hair follicles->migrate through ct to ESOPHAGUS->l2 to SQ of back-> l3 drop out hole to pupate on ground
|
|
|
true bugs
general info |
Hemiptera
piercing sucking mouthparts (probiscus) 2 pairs of wings, conspicuous antennas incomplete metamorphosis |
|
|
|
Family Reduviidae
|
Kissing bugs, assassin bugs, conenoses
common in most parts of TX sylvatic and peridomestic lives in cracks during day, feeds at night all 5 nymphal stages and both adult sexes take blood meal nymphs can survive several months w/o feeding |
|
|
|
Triatoma spp.
|
Kissing Bug, Assasin bug
biological vector for Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) that infects dogs/cats, racoons, opossums, armadillos, man uncommon in US bcuz houses are built w/o triatomid infestations, endemic in south US |
infects by:
defecating on open wound/mucous membrane (stercorian transmission) ingestion of infected kissing bug (primary way dog is infected. no vaccines for dogs |
