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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Para and Orthomyxo Characteristics |
Both have ssRNA genomes, both are negative sense cannot be directly translated both have viral associated polymerases
Para non-segmented 15-19kb 6-10 genes ortho is segmented 6-8 parts allowing for recombination
H and N glycoprotein segments hemagglutinin and neuraminidiase epitopes. Measles has no N and RSC has a G protein. Ortho have two different epitopes |
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Parainfluenzae |
Four serotypes, tranmitted through respiratory tract, type 3 is most likely to progress to pneumonia, croup is laryngotracheobronchitis
reinfections are common due to lack of long term immune memory |
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV |
infection of respiratory syncytia or giant cells
common in children before their 2nd bday usually less then 6 mos
common reinfection no vaccine only partial immunity
incubation varies 1-6 days symptoms generally seen by days 4-6 with rinorrhea fever cough and again half have bronchitis or pneumonia |
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RSV Treatment and Passive Immunization |
Ribavirin is an FDA approved form of aerosol for severe cases of the disease (unknown mechanism) anti viral drug
Palivizumab = humanized MAb against major RSV antigen will not help stop spread or people with already disease burden
no vaccine
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Mumps |
childhood disease with one serotype
high rate of subclincial infections
tranmission via respiratory route, incubates 12-21 days
migration to lymph nodes means viremia |
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Mumps complications dx and treatment |
orchitis is inflammation of one of both testicles, blood in semen and pain with intercourse can lead to male sterility or sub-fertility
meningitis can occur
LIFE LONG IMMUNITY
dx based on clincial, lab diagnosis based on IgM antibodies, serodiagnsis IgG acut vs convalecscnet
Prevention via vaccine MMR |
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Mumps NYC outbreak |
Orthodox Jewish teens in strict tightly packed schools even in vaccinated population |
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Mobillivirus or Measles |
Rubeola
acute febrile exanthematous disease one of the most infectious disease with only one serotype
Humans are only natural host and no carrier state exists |
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Measles Clincial |
Three C's cough coryza (inflammation of nasal mucous membrane) conjunctivitis
Koplick spots
leads to viremia and maculopapular rash
life long immunity prevention via MMR, diagnosis via antibody that blocks virus rbc interatction and bind lattice)
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Ortho: Influenza Virus |
respiratory infection accompanied with significant fever 3-4 days headaches and myalgia
contagious about 1 day prior to symptoms appearing
spread via airborne droplets and hand contact, has a large infection and death rate each year
diagnosed by 4x antibody flu titer
many medical conditions increase likely hood |
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Influenza Virus Types |
A is the major human disease type with B being to a lesser degree
16 different H and 9 different N birds are the most common resovoir for virus
is asymptomatic in aquatic fowl intestine but then grows in respiratory tract of terrestrial birds and mammals, of type A only H1,2,3 and N1,2 have become endemic |
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Influenza seasonality |
winter related to humidity, deacreae in realtive humidity two week before seasonal mean is a sign of an outbreak |
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Influenza Virion A |
H of virus type A binds to sialic acid sugars on surface of nose epithelial cells and is imported via endocytosis
N of A type is needed to cleave the sialic acid from the host memebrane and allow the virus to detach from host cell (target for antiviral drug |
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Steps of Virus Life Cycle |
Binding is HA
Acidification/Fusion is M2
Release is NA
Has 10 steps overall |
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Influenza Antigenic Changes |
Antigenic Drift: error prone RNA polymerases insert mutations which slowly change the protection from vaccine
Antigenic Shift: co infection of multiple influenza types whose different DNA segments can result in reassortment with new subtypes formed
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RNA segments |
8 segments each encode a NECESSARY component of the viral genome
in orthomyxo HA and NA are on different glycoproteins |
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Virion segment binding |
end segments pair with other end segments ensuring that during co infection the right segments form the necessary 8 |
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Swine FLu |
odd targets in that healthy teens and adults were diagnosed as opposed to usually old and young
resulted from a quadruble reassortment
has not mutated much as of late and all vaccine contain this strain currently |
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Flu Treatment |
Amantidine inhibits M2 (uncoating) step but many flu type As are resistant to this action. Rimantadine (uncoating)
Neuraminidase inhibitors; prevent the release of virions from infected cells, zanamivir and tamiflue inhibit A and B
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Vaccination |
Inactivated form for high risk
Live attenuated intranasal for healthy people 2-49 |
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Vaccine No Nos |
Allergic to eggs
Have a fever |