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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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Para and Orthomyxo Characteristics

Both have ssRNA genomes, both are negative sense cannot be directly translated both have viral associated polymerases



Para non-segmented 15-19kb 6-10 genes ortho is segmented 6-8 parts allowing for recombination



H and N glycoprotein segments hemagglutinin and neuraminidiase epitopes. Measles has no N and RSC has a G protein. Ortho have two different epitopes

Parainfluenzae

Four serotypes, tranmitted through respiratory tract, type 3 is most likely to progress to pneumonia, croup is laryngotracheobronchitis



reinfections are common due to lack of long term immune memory

Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV

infection of respiratory syncytia or giant cells



common in children before their 2nd bday usually less then 6 mos



common reinfection no vaccine only partial immunity



incubation varies 1-6 days symptoms generally seen by days 4-6 with rinorrhea fever cough and again half have bronchitis or pneumonia

RSV Treatment and Passive Immunization

Ribavirin is an FDA approved form of aerosol for severe cases of the disease (unknown mechanism) anti viral drug



Palivizumab = humanized MAb against major RSV antigen will not help stop spread or people with already disease burden



no vaccine



Mumps

childhood disease with one serotype



high rate of subclincial infections



tranmission via respiratory route, incubates 12-21 days



migration to lymph nodes means viremia

Mumps complications dx and treatment

orchitis is inflammation of one of both testicles, blood in semen and pain with intercourse can lead to male sterility or sub-fertility



meningitis can occur



LIFE LONG IMMUNITY



dx based on clincial, lab diagnosis based on IgM antibodies, serodiagnsis IgG acut vs convalecscnet



Prevention via vaccine MMR

Mumps NYC outbreak

Orthodox Jewish teens in strict tightly packed schools even in vaccinated population

Mobillivirus or Measles

Rubeola



acute febrile exanthematous disease one of the most infectious disease with only one serotype



Humans are only natural host and no carrier state exists

Measles Clincial

Three C's cough coryza (inflammation of nasal mucous membrane) conjunctivitis



Koplick spots



leads to viremia and maculopapular rash



life long immunity prevention via MMR, diagnosis via antibody that blocks virus rbc interatction and bind lattice)


Ortho: Influenza Virus

respiratory infection accompanied with significant fever 3-4 days headaches and myalgia



contagious about 1 day prior to symptoms appearing



spread via airborne droplets and hand contact, has a large infection and death rate each year



diagnosed by 4x antibody flu titer



many medical conditions increase likely hood

Influenza Virus Types

A is the major human disease type with B being to a lesser degree



16 different H and 9 different N birds are the most common resovoir for virus



is asymptomatic in aquatic fowl intestine but then grows in respiratory tract of terrestrial birds and mammals, of type A only H1,2,3 and N1,2 have become endemic

Influenza seasonality

winter related to humidity, deacreae in realtive humidity two week before seasonal mean is a sign of an outbreak

Influenza Virion A

H of virus type A binds to sialic acid sugars on surface of nose epithelial cells and is imported via endocytosis



N of A type is needed to cleave the sialic acid from the host memebrane and allow the virus to detach from host cell (target for antiviral drug

Steps of Virus Life Cycle

Binding is HA



Acidification/Fusion is M2



Release is NA



Has 10 steps overall

Influenza Antigenic Changes

Antigenic Drift: error prone RNA polymerases insert mutations which slowly change the protection from vaccine



Antigenic Shift: co infection of multiple influenza types whose different DNA segments can result in reassortment with new subtypes formed


RNA segments

8 segments each encode a NECESSARY component of the viral genome



in orthomyxo HA and NA are on different glycoproteins

Virion segment binding

end segments pair with other end segments ensuring that during co infection the right segments form the necessary 8

Swine FLu

odd targets in that healthy teens and adults were diagnosed as opposed to usually old and young



resulted from a quadruble reassortment



has not mutated much as of late and all vaccine contain this strain currently

Flu Treatment

Amantidine inhibits M2 (uncoating) step but many flu type As are resistant to this action. Rimantadine (uncoating)



Neuraminidase inhibitors; prevent the release of virions from infected cells, zanamivir and tamiflue inhibit A and B


Vaccination

Inactivated form for high risk



Live attenuated intranasal for healthy people 2-49

Vaccine No Nos

Allergic to eggs



Have a fever