Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL |
ACTION: |
|
ADENOCARD: (Adenosine)
|
ACTIONS: |
|
ASPIRIN
|
ACTIONS:
Aspirin blocks pain impulses in the CNS, dialates peripheral vessels, and inhibits platelet aggregation. INDICATIONS: Prevention of platelet aggreagation in ischemia and thromboembolism Unstable angina Prevention of myocardial infarction or reinfarction CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to salicylates GI bleeding Active ulcer disease Hemorrhagic stroke Bleeding disorders PRECAUTIONS: None ADVERSE REACTIONS: Stomach irritation Indigestion Nausea or vomiting Allergic reaction DOSAGE: 162 mg ROUTE: Chewed and swallowed HOW SUPPLIED: 81 mg chewable tablets |
|
ATROPINE: (Atropine Sulfate)
|
ACTIONS: |
|
BENADRYL: (Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
|
ACTION:
Benadryl is an antihistamine with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. Antihistamines compete with histamine for cell receptor sites during allergic reactions. INDICATIONS: Anaphylaxis (administered after epinephrine) Allergic Reactions PRECAUTIONS: Use with caution in patients with a history of asthma, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension Sedative effects are more pronounced when patient has ingested alcohol or other CNS depressants (barbiturates, phenothiazine, antidepressants, or narcotics) ADVERSE REACTION: Tachycardia Hypotension Central Nervous System depression Nausea and vomiting DOSAGE: ADULT: 25 mg to 50 mg PEDIATRIC: 10 to 25mg, usually 1 mg / kg ROUTE: IV, IM HOW SUPPLIED: 50 mg in a 1ml vial 50 mg in a 1 ml pre-filled syringe |
|
CARDIZEM
|
ACTION: |
|
CORDARONE (Amiodarone)
|
ACTIONS: |
|
D5W: (5% dextrose in water)
|
ACTION: |
|
DOPAMINE: (Intropin)
|
ACTION: |
|
GLUCAGON
|
ACTION:
Pancreatic hormone, Insulin antagagonist. Increases the breakdown of glycogen to glucose and stimulates glucose synthesis, resulting in blood glucose elevation. INDICATIONS: Persistent symptomatic hypoglycemia Unable to gain IV access CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity Only effective if liver glycogen is available May be ineffective in chronic states of hypoglycemia, starvation, and adrenal insufficiency Do not mix with saline PRECAUTIONS: None ADVERSE REACTIONS: Tachycardia Hypotension Nausea and vomiting Urticaria DOSAGE: ADULT: 0.5 1 mg IM PEDIATRIC: 0.025 1 mg IM ROUTE: IM HOW SUPPLIED: Glucagon must be reconstituted (with provided diluent) before administration Dilute 1 unit (1 mg) white powder in 1 ml of diluting solution (1 mg / ml) |
|
EPINEPHRINE
|
ACTION: |
|
IPECAC SYRUP
|
ACTION:
Ipecac is an Emetic class of drug that causes gastric irritation and stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla. INDICATIONS: Syrup of Ipecac is a potent and effective emetic used in the management of poisonings where the induction of vomiting is indicated CONTRAINDICATIONS: Semiconscious patients Ingestion of caustic agents, hydrocarbons, acids and alkali Patients with no gag reflex Also not indicated when the ingested agent was an anti-emetic, especially phenothiazine PRECAUTIONS: Be attentive to airway management ADVERSE REACTIONS: Arrhythmias Hypotension Diarrhea Depression DOSAGE: ADULT: 30 ml PEDIATRIC: 15 ml INFANT: 10 ml In all three age groups the Ipecac should be followed by two or three glasses of water. The Ipecac may be repeated in 20 minutes. ROUTE: Orally HOW SUPPLIED: 30 ml per bottle |
|
LACTATED RINGERS
|
ACTION: |
|
LASIX: (Furosemide)
|
ACTION:
Potent vasodilator and diuretic. Blocks the reabsorbtion of the sodium in the Loop of Henle as well as the distal and proximal tubules. INDICATIONS: Congestive heart failure Pulmonary Edema Hypertension Cerebral Edema CONTRAINDICATIONS: Dehydrated patients Blood Pressure <90 systolic PRECAUTIONS: Patients with hypersensitivity to sulfa may experience reactions to furosemide May need higher doses in patients with renal failure ADVERSE REACTIONS: Hypotension Hypokalemia electrolyte abnormalities, muscle cramps, weakness, thirst, light headiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting DOSAGE: ADULT: 40 mg IV may be repeated X2 PEDIATRIC: 1 mg / kg ROUTE: IV, IM HOW SUPPLIED: 80 mg in 8 ml pre-filled syringe |
|
LIDOCAINE: (Xylocaine)
|
ACTIONS: |
|
MAGNESIUM SULFATE
|
ACTIONS: |
|
MORPHINE
|
ACTION: |
|
NARCAN: (Naloxone
|
ACTION:
Narcotic antagonist reverses the central nervous system and respiratory depression effects of narcotics; reverses the cardiovascular effects to a lesser extent. Naloxone competes for narcotic receptor sites in the brain, and displaces narcotic molecules from the opiate receptors. INDICATIONS: Known or suspected narcotic overdoses involving the following: morphine Demerol heroin paregoric Dilaudid codeine Percodan Fentanyl methadone Known or suspected overdoses of the following synthetic narcotics: Nubian Talwin Stadol Darvon Coma of unknown origin Unwitnessed cardiac arrests CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity reaction PRECAUTIONS: Narcan should be administered cautiously to patients who are known or suspected to be physically dependent on narcotics. Abrupt and complete reversal of narcotic effects by Naloxone can cause withdrawal-type effects. ADVERSE REACTIONS: Aspiration Hypotension/hypertension Ventricular arrhythmias Nausea/Vomiting Acute narcotic withdrawal syndrome (nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, agitation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, seizures, and cardiac arrest) DOSAGE: ADULT: 2 mg (higher doses 2-5mg may be required in Darvon OD) PEDIATRIC: 0.1mg/kg ROUTE: IV, IM, SQ, ET HOW SUPPLIED: 2 mg in a 2 ml pre-filled syringe |
|
NITROGLYCERIN DRIP: (Tridal
|
ACTION: |
|
NITROGLYCERIN SPRAY |
ACTION: |
|
NORMAL SALINE: (0.9% Sodium Chloride)
|
ACTION: |
|
OXYGEN
|
ACTION:
Increased concentrations of oxygen increase the saturation level in the hemoglobin in the red blood cell. This results in an increased oxygenation level at the tissue. Oxygen is required for the efficient breakdown of glucose into a usable energy form. INDICATIONS: Hypoxia Oxygen should be used in any type of patient that has or may have a condition in which an increased oxygen level will decrease tissue hypoxia Chest pain Abdominal pain Trauma patients Respiratory distress CONTRAINDICATIONS: None PRECAUTIONS: Possible oxygen toxicity in COPD patients Never deprive the hypoxic patient of oxygen for fear of respiratory depression ADVERSE REACTIONS: None DOSAGE: Patients in mild distress should receive 4 to 6 liters via a nasal cannula Patients in moderate to severe distress from should receive 100% oxygen via a 100% non-rebreather Severe multiple trauma patients, cardiac arrest patients, severe pulmonary edema, etc., should be orally or nasally intubated ROUTE: Self-Explanatory HOW SUPPLIED: Self-Explanatory |
|
PROVENTIL: (Albuterol Sulfate)
|
ACTIONS:
A selective beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, thereby decreasing bronchospasms. INDICATIONS: Asthma Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Anaphylaxes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Pulmonary edema CONTRAINDICATIONS: Cardiac dysrhythmias associated with tachycardias PRECAUTIONS: Concern should be given in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease due to the beta-2 effect Albuterol has on the heart. Hypertension Sensitivity to the drug ADVERSE REACTIONS: Tachycardia Palpitations Paradoxical bronchospasms Exacerbation of angina Anxiety Hypertension Palpitations DOSAGE: ADULT: One dose vial (2.5mg in 3 ml NS) nebulized PEDIATRIC: Remove 1.5 ml of solution, replace with 1.5 ml of NS to half concentration ROUTE: Nebulizer at 6 liters per minute HOW SUPPLIED: 2.5 mg in a 3 ml vial |
|
SODIUM BICARBONATE
|
ACTION:
Alkalinizing agent used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. INDICATIONS: Any life threatening acidosis Cardiac Arrest (after defibrillation, airway management, and other pharmaceutical interventions) Rarely administered in the first 10 minutes of resuscitation Tricyclic antidepressant overdose Known hyperkalemia Phenobarbital overdose CONTRAINDICATIONS: Respiratory acidosis PRECAUTIONS: Possible fluid overload in patients with a history of heart failure Precipitates calcium chloride Inactivates catecholamines ADVERSE REACTIONS: Metabolic alkalosis Tissue necrosis if the IV infiltrates. DOSAGE: ADULT/PEDIATRIC: 1Meq/kg of 8.4% repeated in 10-15 minutes if necessary at 0.5Meq/kg INFANT: 2Meq/kg of 4.2% repeated in 10-15 minutes if necessary at 1Meq/kg ROUTE: Intravenously and Intraosseous. HOW SUPPLIED: 8.4% - ADULT: 50 Meq in 50 ml, in a pre-filled syringe. 4.2% - INFANT: 5 Meq in 10 ml, in a pre-filled syringe. |
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE: (Anectine / Quelicin)
|
ACTION: |
|
THIAMINE: (Vitamin B1)
|
ACTION:
Thiamin is a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. Certain states such as alcoholism and malnourishment may affect the intake, absorption, and utilization of glucose. INDICATIONS: Coma of unknown origin, especially if alcohol may be involved, with Thiamine given prior to glucose administration Delirium tremors, with Thiamine given prior to glucose administration CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitive reaction to Thiamine PRECAUTIONS: Thiamine should be administered prior to the administration of glucose ADVERSE REACTIONS: Allergic reaction DOSAGE: 100 mg ROUTE: IV, IM HOW SUPPLIED: 100 mg in a 1 ml vial 200 mg in a 2 ml vial |
|
VALIUM: (Diazepam
|
ACTION: (Benzodiazepine)
Valium is a central nervous system depressant, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic medication. Valium is the principal anticonvulsant used in the prehospital setting. It suppresses the spread of seizure activity through the motor cortex of the brain. It does not appear to abolish the abnormal discharge focus. Peek effects of Valium are seen 5 to 10 minutes after administration. INDICATIONS: Major motor seizures Status epilepticus Conscious sedation prior to cardioversion Muscle spasms Delirium tremors associated with acute alcohol withdrawal Acute anxiety states CONTRAINDICATIONS: History of hypersensitivity to Valium PRECAUTIONS: Respiratory depressant effects are more pronounced when patient has ingested alcohol or other CNS depressant agents Because Valium is a relativity short acting drug, seizure activity may recur Administer slowly until desired effects are obtained (1ml per minute) ADVERSE REACTIONS: Respiratory depression Hypotension Bradycardia DOSAGE: ADULT: Sedation, seizures and muscle spasms - 5 to 10mg, at a rate of 5mg/minute, if more is required contact ED Physician PEDIATRIC: 0.2mg/kg at a rate of 1mg/min ROUTE: IV, IM, rectal HOW SUPPLIED: 10 mg in a 2 ml vial |
|
VASOPRESSIN
|
ACTION: (Hormone)
The mechanism of action of Vasopressin during cardiac arrest is poorly understood. Hemodynamic measurements suggest it causes profound shunting of blood to the myocardium and brain and away from the muscles and skin. This may be mediated by the release of nitric oxide. In the brain Vasopressin provides significantly more perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation than epinephrine, perhaps secondary to nitric acid release. Unlike epinephrine, Vasopressin continues to cause intense vasoconstriction in the presence of the severe acidosis that accompanies cardiopulmonary arrest. Vasopressin possesses a longer duration of action than epinephrine. Unlike epinephrine, which significantly increases myocardial oxygen consumption via ß1-adrenergic receptor activation, Vasopressin enhances myocardial oxygen delivery and may increase cardiac contractility, without the marked increased in oxygen consumption observed with catecholamines." INDICATION: Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia May be useful for hemodynamic support in vasodilatory shock (septic or anaphylactic shock) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Known hypersensitivity to the drug Responsive patients with known coronary artery disease PRECAUTIONS: Potent peripheral vasoconstrictor. Increased peripheral vascular resistance may provoke cardiac ischemia and angina ADVERSE REACTIONS: Local or systemic allergic reactions DOSAGE: Ventricular Fibrillation: 40 units, administered one time only Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia: 40 units, administered one time only The half-life of Vasopressin is 10-20 minutes. ROUTE: IV HOW SUPPLIED: 20 units in a 2ml vial |
|
VERSED: (Midazolam)
|
ACTION:
Versed is a potent, but short-acting benzodiazepine with strong hypnotic and amnestic properties. It is widely used as a sedative prior to cardioversion and intubation. Versed is 3-4 times more potent than Valium, with a 1.5 minute onset of action when administered intravenously and 15 minutes when administered intramuscularly. Versed has impressive amnestic properties making it the drug of choice for conscious sedation. Like all benzodiazepine class drugs, Versed is a central nervous system depressant. INDICATIONS: General anesthesia Conscious sedation of patients prior to short-term invasive procedures (intubation, cardioversion, etc.) Versed may be used as a 2nd line drug in seizures, where Valium does not work (in adults only) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Not to be used in pediatrics for seizure control Hypersensitivity to the drug Narrow-angle glaucoma Obstetrical patients in the last few weeks of pregnancy PRECAUTIONS: A slight to moderate decrease in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate may be seen Lower dosages should be considered in patients that are debilitated or chronically ill ADVERSE REACTIONS: Respiratory depression Laryngospasm Bronchospasm Respiratory depressant effects are more pronounced when patient has ingested alcohol or other CNS depressant agents DOSAGE: Conscious Sedation: 2 mg slow IV push, repeat as necessary in boluses of 0.52mgs, titrated to the desired level of sedation, do not exceed a total dosage of 10mgs IV. Seizures 2-5 mgs IV (in adults only). Additional dosages may be titrated to achieve the desired level of sedation. NOTE: You may dilute 5mg of Versed in 9cc of saline to result in a 0.5mg/cc concentrated. ROUTE: IV, IM HOW SUPPLIED: 5 mgs in a 1ml vial |
|
DEXTROSE: (D50/D25) |
ACTION:
Dextrose in water supplies supplemental glucose in cases of hypoglycemia. D-50% is a hypertonic solution primarily used to elevate the blood sugar. It may be used to initially decrease intracranial pressure. INDICATIONS: Hypoglycemia Coma of unknown origin Cardiac arrest And in rare instances cerebral edema CONTRAINDICATIONS: Patients with increased ICP or intracranial hemorrhage PRECAUTIONS: Perform a glucometer check and draw a blood tubes prior to administration, if possible Localized venous irritation and tissue necrosis may result from infiltrated line ADVERSE REACTIONS: Hyperglycemia Thrombophlebitis DOSAGE: ADULT: 25 grams of D50 PEDIATRIC: 0.25 - 0.5 gm / kg of D25 ROUTE: IV HOW SUPPLIED: D-50 - 25 grams glucose in a 50 ml pre-filled syringe. D-25 - 2.5 grams of glucose in a 10 ml pre-filled syringe. |