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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integumentary System
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Skin, consisting of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers.
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What is the most common type of injury?
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Soft tissue injuries.
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The Three layers of skin.
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous |
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Epidermis
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Outermost layer of skin comprised of dead or dying skin.
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Sebum
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Fatty secretion of the sebaceous gland that helps keep the skin pliable and waterproof.
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Dermis
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True skin, also called the corium; it is the layer of the tissue producing the epidermis and housing the structures, blood vessels, and nerves normally associated with the skin.
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Sebaceous Glands
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Glands within the dermis secreting sebum.
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Sudoriferous Glands
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Glands within the dermis that secrete sweat.
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Macrophage
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Immune system cell that has the ability to recognize and ingest foreign pathogens.
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Lymphocyte
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White blood cell that specializes in humoral immunity and antibody formation.
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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Body layer beneath the dermis.
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Lumen
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Opening, or space, within a needle, artery,vein, or other hollow vessel.
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Tendons
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Long, thin, very strong collagen tissues that connect muscle to bones.
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Fasciae
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Fibrous sheets that bundle skeletal muscle masses together.
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Tension Lines
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Natural patterns in the surface of the skin revealing tensions within.
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Three types of closed wounds?
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Contusions
Hematomas Crush Injuries |
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Contusions
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Closed wound in which the skin is unbroken, although damage has occured to the tissue immediately beneath.
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Erythema
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General reddening of the skin due to dilation of the superficial capillaries.
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Ecchymosis
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Blue-black discoloration of the skin due to leakage of blood into the tissues.
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Hematoma
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Collection of blood beneath th skin or trapped within a body compartment.
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Crush Injury
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Mechanism of injury in which tissue is locally compressed by high pressure forces.
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Crush Syndrome
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Systemic disorder of severe metabolic disturbances resulting from the crush of a limb or other body part.
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Six types of open wounds?
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Abrasions
Lacerations Incisions Punctures Impaled Objects Amputations |
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Abrasion
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Scraping or abrading away of the superficial layers of the skin; an open soft tissue injury.
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Laceration
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An open wound, normally a tear with jagged borders.
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Incision
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Very smooth or surgical laceration, frequently caused bya knife, scapel, razor blade, or piece of glass.
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Puncture
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Specific soft-tissue injury involving a deep, narrow wound to the skin and underlying organs that carries an increased danger of infection.
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Impaled Object
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Foreign body embedded in a wound.
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Avulsion
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Forceful tearing away or seperation of body tissue; an avulsion may be partial or complete.
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Degloving Injury
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Avulsion in which the mechanism of injury tears the skin off the underlying muscle, tissue, blood vessels, and bone.
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Amputation
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Severance, removal, or detachment, either partial or complete, of a body part.
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During the assesment of a hemorrhage, its important to determine what?
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The rate and quantity.
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What are the stages of wound healing?
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Hemostasis
Inflamation Epitheliazation Neovascularization Collagen Synthesis |
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Hemostasis
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The body's natual ability to stop bleeding, the ability to clot blood.
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Inflamation
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Complex process of local cellular and biochemical changes as a consequence of injury or infection; an early sttage of healing.
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Chemotactic Factors
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Chemicals released by white blood cells that attract more white blood to an area of inflamation
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Granulocytes
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White blood cells charged with the primary purpose of neutralizing foreign bacteria.
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Phagocytosis
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Process in which a cell surrounds and absorbs a bacterium or other particle.
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Epithelialization
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Early stage of wound healing in which epithelial cells migrate over the surface of the wound.
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Neovascularization
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New growth of cappilaries in response to healing.
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Collagen
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Tough, strong protien that comprises most of the body's connective tissue.
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Fibroblasts
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Specialized cells that form collagen.
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Remodeling
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Stage in the wound healing process in which collagen is broken down and relaid in an orderly fashion.
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What is the most common complication of open wounds?
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Infection
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Lymphangitis
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Inflamation of the lymph channels, usually as a result of a distal infection.
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What may influence the likelihood of infection?
ex. a puncture or extensive crush injury |
The type of wound.
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Gas Gangrene
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Death of tissue resulting from loss of blood supply, crush injury, or infection.
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What is a complication of wound healing?
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Some medications, such as aspirin, warfarin, and heparin, can interfere with the clotting process.
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Serous Fluid
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A cellular component of blood similar to plasma.
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Compartment Syndrome
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Muscle ischemia that is caused by rising pressures within an anatomical fascial space.
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Keloid
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A formation resulting from overproduction of scar tissue.
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Pressure injuries can occur if a patient is _______?
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Left on a long backboard, splint, or PASG for an extended period of time.
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Necrosis
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Tissue death, usually from ischemia.
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Rhabdomyolysis
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Acute pathologic process that involves the destruction of skeletal muscle.
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Five types of dressings?
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Sterile/ Nonsterile
Occlusive/ Nonocclusive Adherent/ Nonadherent Absorbent/ Nonabsorbent Wet/ Dry |
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Five types of bandages?
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Self-Adherent Roller
Gauze Adhesive Elastic Triangular |
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Assesment must be comprehensive to ensure _____?
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That care of each injury can be assigned an appropriate priority.
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No mechanism of injury can impact the human body without first passing through what?
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The skin
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During the scene size up, you should what?
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Rule out hazards, don gloves, and analyze the mechanism of injury.
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When should the detailed head to toe examination be performed at the scene?
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Only when significant and life threatening bleeding can be ruled out.
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How should the wound be observed?
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In such a way that it can later be described to the attending physician.
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The management of minor wounds is a late priority in the care of the trauma patient, unless what?
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Extensive bleeding is noted.
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What are the three objectives of bandaging?
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To control the hemorrage, to keep the wound clean, and to immobilize the wound site.
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To halt hemorrage you should apply direct pressure to the wound site for how long?
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10 minutes
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When should a tourniquet be taken off?
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Only in the emergency department.
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What is an important part of hemorrage control that is often overlooked?
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Immobilization
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Why should you frequently check the pressure beneath a bandage?
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To ensure good distal circulation.
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What should you do with amputated parts?
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Should be put in a dry bag, sealed, and placed in cool water that contains a few ice cubes.
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How should you manage amputated body parts?
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Dry cooling and rapid transport
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Why should you not remove impaled objects?
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Because of the risk of serious bleeding.
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When can you remove impaled objects?
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When they interfere with the airway or CPR.
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Once a crush injury patient is freed from entrapment, you should anticipate what?
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Shock
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What is the most prominent symptom of compartment syndrome?
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Pain out of proportion with the physical findings.
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You should never explore a thoracic open wound beyond its edges because of what?
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Probing may create a pneumothorax or induce serious bleeding.
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What should you watch a patient with an open chest wound for?
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Development of a pneumothorax or tension pneumothorax.
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