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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Historical Sower
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They would sow in November maybe early December ready to be harvest in early June
o Palestian agricultural never plowed before planting the planted and then would plow o He would sow a strip and then plow because if he did all at once birds would eat it. · Mark 4:4 o Seed on the path has been beaten hard and so it would be easy picking for the birds · Mark 4:5 o In Capernaum there is a rocky substrate that reaches almost to the top of the g |
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Hist sower ...
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The underlying rock is usually not seen but does not allow good growth
· Mark 4:6 · Mark 4:7 o There was no round up in ancient Israel so the weeds would slowly rob the seed of its nutrients · Mark 4:8 o This is the punch line of the parable o In Palestine a 10 fold yield was great 7 ½ fold is good normal |
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Sower
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Four Fold similitude
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The Friend at Midnight Luke 11:5-8
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A “twin” with Luke 18:1-8 Unjust Judge
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The Friend at Midnight Luke 11:5-8
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11:5- Reflects village life
11:5- debated size & shape of loaves 11:6- Oriental hospitality- honor shame culture 11:7- Domestic architecture 11:8- Repetition of “friend” in parable 11:8- anaideia- “shamelessness” |
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Standard Critical
The Friend at Midnight Luke 11:5-8 |
“How much more” if a man will get up in the middle of the night how much will God answer.
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Bailey
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The Parable of God’s Honor
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Unjust Judge (Luke 18:1-8)
1. Authenticity |
a. Luke Authorship (unanimous)
i. Luke’s words (v 1) ii. Luke quoting Jesus (v2-8) b. Many see the “Original Parable” as ONLY 18:2-5 with the rest added later. |
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Context in Luke
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Follows Jesus’s eschatological message on the Coming of the kingdom of God in Luke 17. (negative message-ppl who don’t have faith)
i. Luke 17:33 - “”Whoever tries to keep their life will lose it, and whoever |
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loses their life will preserve it”
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b. Some believe it closely relates to “Friend at Midnight”
c. Parable of Jesus to His disciples d. Ends with eschatological question about Son of Man returning looking for faith on the earth. (negative message-ppl who don’t have faith) |
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Culture
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Most likely Gentile Judge in a Metropolitan setting
b. Widow’s plight for justice from unjust judge-- for money from late husband (KETUBAH) |
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Ketubah
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the ketubah is referred to as a marriage contract. The ketubah spells out the husband’s obligations to the wife during marriage, conditions of inheritance upon his death, and obligations regarding the support of children of the marriage. It also provides for the wife’s support in the event of divorce.
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Ekdikeo
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legal term- she wanted judge to “take up her case”
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Problematic tertium comparationis
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HOW MUCH MORE
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c. (Vs 7) double negative = emphatic negation (STRONG denial):
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“Will not God no doubt about it avenge His elect?” (How much more)
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Critical Interpretation
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i. Contrasts the Judge and God
ii. Teaches the certainty of God’s Answer to Prayer iii. Many of these interpreters then make much of the persistent widow as a model for prayer |
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Jeremias:
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God’s Pity for the Humble and Despised
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George Beasley-Murray
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i. Addresses non-following Jews in the crowd
ii. When the Son of man comes, will He find faith in the nation? |
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Duncan Derrett
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God will answer prayers of His people “for His Name’s Sake”
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Snodgrass:
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God will vindicate (clear all blame) His people
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the Leaven Matt 13:33 and Luke 13:20-21
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Similitude, Related to the Mustard Seed
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Is the Leaven Negative or Positive
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Leaven in most every other context is Negative
But Positive in peace Offerings Leaven is just to ferment dough literally |
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Leaven cont
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The large amount of Dough used emphasizes the woman baking for a group.
Can really equate ancient measurements but its probably 3 gallons of flour (about as much dough as a single woman could knead) |
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Leaven cont..
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There were professional bread bakers but the job was usually delegated to a woman.
Mishnah requires wives to bake bread for their husbands |
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C.H.Dodd
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The dough is completely leavened with Jesus’s Ministry “Power of God’s Kingdom mightily permeating the dead Judaisim at the time
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Some View:
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Unpopular but that the Leaven is Negative and focus on the kingdom as a subversive force and on inclusion of Outcasts
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Traditional Critical
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a parable to engender hope and confidence amidst doubts about the ministry of Jesus and the Kingdom of God
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Ernst Lohmeyer
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Leaven represents corrupting evil
(5) possible contemporary relevance for the church today. |
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possible contemporary relevance for the church today.
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Possibly Small Beginnings/great endings
Presence of the Kingdom is possibly the most important aspect of Jesus’ message. Clearly the whole point of this parable is that the kingdom is already underway and will not be stopped •Asserts that the Kingdom is present now to work out God’s sovereign purposes |
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The Growing Seed
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Parable is a similitude.
Authenticity rarely questioned JC teaching about the kingdom |
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discuss any Old Testament, cultural, and social background matters that illuminate the text
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There is an allusion, that is not a direct quote, from Joel 3:13. “send a sickly because the harvest is ripe”
This is a reference to Revelation 14 concerning the coming judgment. C.H. Dodd thinks harvest refers to Christ own ministry, although this is unlikely b/c Joel is likely referring to end judgment |
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comment on the text as needed,
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Automate “of itself * crux of interpretation (automatic)
that which happens spontaneously Grows w/o human intervention Kingdom growth will happen even if it seems spontaneous |
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discuss major interpretive options and scholars, and
Different names for parable |
P of seed growing secretly- secret not in the text.
“ “ Patient husbandman - implies inactivity of sower “ “ Patient farmer “ “ Spontaneous growth All of these are trying to get at main feature |
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Interp options
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Allegory of sower- reaper
Confident sower Gradual growth Harvest Patient farmer All of these isolate on to one feature |
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possible contemporary relevance for the church today.
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The parables ill the proper attitudes toward the kingdom and its eschatological harvest: patience- it will come when gods time is ripe, confidence despite appearances because God is the one at work, and comfort knowing that all is in God’s hands
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Mustard seed.
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mustard seed known as being very small seed
black mustard- would germinate within 5 days |
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Funk:
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compared against OT, the pride of israel as the “nation of God, and as seen as a tree who is strong. Jesus shows that he shows the small weak things to represent the kingdom,
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seed cont..
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Most of interpretation is about whether one should emphasize the contrast between small to great, or the growth happening.
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seed conti..
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Jesus is answering the question: has the kingdom of God really come? even though it looks small and insignificant. So Jesus tells this parable to say, yes even though it looks small the kingdom has come and will grow.
We should combine the contrast and the growth. this helps is to see the already not yet of the kingdom of God. |
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Jeremias
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this parable ought to be focused on the promise of a future harvest
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Blomberg
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as do many others, believes this parable’s main purpose is two-fold. To Blomberg, the main purpose is as follows: “(1) the kingdom will continue to grow inexorably, though sometimes almost invisibly and that (2) at the end of the age the kingdom will have grown into all its fullness, after which Judgment Day will immediately follow”.
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possible contemporary relevance for the church today
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if parable about how kingdom has come then it brings comfort and exhortation with regard to one’s identity. not about individual growth, but can apply this truth to the individual. This changes how we see and judge the small and insignificant. God can do anything with small beginnings
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The Net
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The Jesus Seminar rejects this as authentic to Jesus but others take at least some of the parable to be authentic. (vs 47,48) Most would accredit 49-50 as Matthew’s commentary/allegory. The Parable is about judgment but is narrowed by the nimshal from Matthew added to the end. Therefor it fits with the parable but could basically be from Matthew.
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Thomas has a similar parable but some wouldn’t think that they’re related
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Describes the net to be full of “little Fish”
Compares “man” to a wise fisherman Fisherman finds one large, good fish and casts all others back |
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Discuss any Old Testament, cultural, and social background matters that illuminate the text
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The net has a long history of representing hardship, captivity, and judgment from God. Hab 1:14-17, Ezek 32:3 = Negative POV on the net.
This accounts for the negative aspect of the parable In Ezek 47:10 though fishing by the riverside and the Net are seen as a blessing This accounts for the positive aspect of the parable |
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Diktuon
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generic term for several kinds of net
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Amphiblestron
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a casting net, circular in shape with weights and a drawstring
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Sagene
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drag net or seine. Weighted on the bottom with cork floats on top edge
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Net in this parable
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Sagene
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J. Kingsbury
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> Redactional view
> The sea is a Jewish metaphor for the nations > the catching of fish prefigures the Christian mission |
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Snodgrass
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> the tertium comparationis compares the entire process of seine fishing to the Kingdom
> The parable answers the question, “If the Kingdom of God is present, then why ` is evil still here?” (Hence the connection to the Wheat and Weeds) > We should understand Matthew’s terms “evil” and “righteous” in ethical categories. The basis of judgment is ethical. |
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Possible contemporary relevance for the church today.
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> In view of the judgment, we are accountable for how we live this life before God
Separation will occur, at the end, Evil will be excluded from the kingdom. This is said as a promise and as a warning. |
