Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
body, tail, superior/anterior aspects of the head and the accessory duct of Santori are derived from
|
dorsal foregut (primordium)
|
|
|
posterior/inferior aspect of the head is derived from
|
ventral foregut (primordium)
|
|
|
secretin stimulates
|
bicarbonate and water secretion by duct cells in response to acid load and luminal fatty acids
|
|
|
Cholescystokinin stimulates
|
discharge of digestive proteins from acinar cells in response to fatty acids and protein digestion products
|
|
|
Widespread malformation, usually incompatible with life associated with an absent pancreas
IPF1/PDX1 mutations |
pancreatic agenensis
|
|
|
most common clinically significant congenital anomaly of the pancreas
failure of the fetal duct systems of the dorsal adn ventral pancreatic primordia to fuse bulk of pancreas (dorsal) drains through dorsal pancreatic duct and diminutive minor papilla The duct of Wirsung is shorter than normal and drains only a small portion of the pancreas patients are predisposed to chronic pancreatitis |
pancreas divisum
|
|
|
Uncommon condition associated with other anomalies
one portion of ventral primordium becomes fixed, the other is drawn around duodenum band like ring of normal pancreatic tissue completely encircles the second portion of the duodenum duodenal obstruction; gastric distension, vomiting |
Annular pancreas
|
|
|
Normal appearing pancreatic acini with the occasional presence of islets of Langerhans
may be visualized as a sessile mass, may cause pain from localized inflammation, may (rarely) incite mucosal bleeding commonly in the stomach and duodenum, followed by jejunum, Meckel diverticula, and ileum |
ectopic pancreas
|
|
|
relatively common pancreatic illness asscociated with biliary tract disease or alcholism
range from trivial inflammation and edema to severe extensive necrosis and hemorrhage microvascular leakage causing edema, necrosis of fat by lipolytic enzymes, an accute inflammatory reaction, proteolytic destruction of pancreatic parenchyma, and destruction of blood vessels with subsequent interstitial hemorrhage fat necrosis resultign from enzymatic destruction of fat cells-> combine with calcium in situ to form insoluble salts |
acute pancreatitis
|
|
|
necrosis of pancreatic tissue affects acinar and ductal tissues as well as the islets of Langerhans
may be sufficient damage to the vasculature to cause hemorrhage areas of red-black hemorrhage interspersed with foci of yellow white chalky fat necrosis serous, slightly turbid, brown-tinged fluid in which globules of fat |
acute necrotizing pancreatitis
|
|
|
Extensive parenchymal necrosis accompanied by diffuse hemorrhage within the substance of the pancreas
|
hemorrhagic pancreatitis
|
|
|
Recurrent attacks of severe pancreatitis usually beginning in childhood
mutation affecting site on the cationic trypsinogen molecule essential for cleavage of trypsin by trypsin itself |
Cationic trysinogen (PRSS1) mutation
|
|
|
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor
prevents the auto digestion of the pancreas by activated trypsin |
Serine Protease Inhibitor, Kazal Type 1 (SPINK1)
|
|
|
abdominal pain is the cardinal manifestation; constant and intense adn often referred to upper back
leukocytosis, DIC, fluid sequestration, acute respiratory syndrome, and diffuse fat necrosis Peripheral vascular collapse and shock may occur Glycosuria and hypocalcemia associated elevated levels of amylase adn lipase |
acute pancreatitis
|
|
|
repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis with irreversible impairment of pancreatic function
most commonly caused by alcohol is long term alcohol abuse parenchymal fibrosis, reduced number and size of acini with relative sparing of the islets of Langerhans and variable dilation of pancreatic ducts chronic inflammatory infiltrate around lobules and ducts interlobular and intralobular ducts are frequently dilated adn contain protein plugs in their lumens acinar loss; islets of Langerhans become embedded in the sclerotic tissue |
chronic pancreatitis
|
|
|
pancreatic cysts believed to develop from anomalous development of the pancreatic ducts
|
congenital pancreatic cysts
|
|
|
cysts that lack epithelial lining
usually solitary and may be situated within the substance of the pancreas, or more commonly, attached to surface of gland walling off of areas of peripancreatic hemorrhagic fat necrosis with fibrous necrotic-hemorrhagic material rich in pancreatic enzymes surrounded by nonepithelial lined fibrous walls of granulations |
Pseudocysts
|
|
|
benign cystic neoplasms composed of glycogen-rich low-cuboidal cells
clear, thin, straw-colored fluid women in seventh decade of life may also present as palpable abdominal masses |
serous cystadenomas
|
|
|
cystic neoplasms that almost always arise in women
can be benigh, border malignant, or malignant usually arise in body or tail present as slow growing painless masses filled with thick, tenacious mucin; dense "ovarian" stroma |
mucinous cystic neoplasms
|
|
|
cystic neoplasms that contain mucin
can be benign, borderline malignant, or malignant arise more frequently in men involve head of pancreas |
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
|
|
|
Large, well circumscribed masses that have solid and cystic zones
neoplastic cells grow in solid sheets or, as papillary projections |
solid-pseudopapillary tumor
|
|
|
Most frequently altered oncogene in pancreatic cancer
results in protein that is constiitutively active activation of fos and jun |
K-RAS
|
|
|
Most frequently inactivate tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer
|
p16
|
|
|
gene inactivated in 55% of pancreatic cancers
normal function is to suppress growth and promote apoptosis |
SMAD4
|
|
|
Hard, stellate, gray-white, poorly defined masses
highly invasive, elicits an intense non neoplasmic host reaction composed o fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and extracellular matrix (desmoplastic response) |
pancreatic carcinoma
|
|
|
marked distention of the biliary tree
often silent for a long time liver often enlarged due to metastatic deposits pain is usually first symptom but by that time disease beyond cure weight loss, anorexia, generalized malaise, weakness elaboration of platelet aggregating factors and procoagulants from the tumor or its necrotic products |
pancreatic carcinoma
|
|
|
Rare neoplasms that occur primarily in children 1-15 years
fully malignant neoplasms, although survival may ben better than that for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas |
pancreatoblastoma
|
