Pancreas

Front 1

How is autodigestion prevented in the pancreas?

Back 1

• Inactive proenzymes secreted
• Enzymes stored in zymogen granules
• Activation in duodenum
• Mucous layer protects epithelial cells (duct)
• Secrete inhibitors of trypsin and nucleases
• Circulating protease inhibitors

Front 2

What do alpha, beta and delta cells secrete?

Back 2

• A -glucagon

• B - insulin

• D - somatostatin

Front 3

Describe pancreatic aplasia.

Back 3

Uncommon - seen with other developmental problems.

Incompatible with life.

Front 4

Describe pancreatic hypoplasia.

Back 4

Rare- calves.

Exocrine tissue only. Leads to EPI.

Front 5

Describe pancreatic juvenile atropy.

Back 5

Dogs <13mo - GSD, RCC.

EPI - weight loss (good appetite), pale faeces, steatorrhoea.

Pancreas almost absent although Islets unaffected. No inflammation.

Front 6

What can pancreatitis be caused by?

Back 6

• Systemic infections

• Migrating strongyles - horse

• Zn poisoning - sheep, calves, dogs, piglets

• Trauma

• Obstruction of duct

Front 7

What are symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

Back 7

• ↓ appetite
• Dullness
• V+, d+
• Thirst
• Abdominal pain

Focal necrosis, h+, thrombosis, oedema, inflammatory infiltrate. Followed by fat necrosis.

Eventually results in chronic fibrosing pancreatitis → pan insufficiency and DM

Front 8

What is chronic fibrosing pancreatitis?

Back 8

Sequalae of acute necrotising pancreatitis (dogs) or without prior signs (cat).

Tissue replaced with fibrous tissue.

Front 9

Describe EPI.

Back 9

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

>80% of tissue lost. Due to atrophy, chronic pancreatitis or neoplasia.

Pale, soft, malodorous, voluminous faeces, high fat content.

Malabsorption of vitamins (Fat soluble - ADEK),

Dx- trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) assay

Front 10

Describe nodular hyperplasia of pancreas.

Back 10

Not true neoplasm.

Old dogs, cats, cattle.

Multiple, non-encapsulated non-compressive growths

Front 11

Describe adeoma of exo pancreas.

Back 11

Rare, solitary

Front 12

Describe adenocarcinoma of exo pancreas.

Back 12

Dogs, cats.

Originate from acini or ducts.

Tissue replaced with grey scirrhous (hard, slow growing) tissue +/- h+, necrosis.

Metastasises on peritoneum and diaphram → thorax and liver.

Non-specific symptoms due to metastases, ascites common.

Front 13

Describe insulinoma. (B-cell tumour).

Back 13

functional B cells.

Hyperinsulinism, hypoglycaemia, neuro signs

Front 14

Describe gastrinoma.

Back 14

Secrete gastrin → Zollinger-Elison syndrome (xs gastrin)

Gastric hypersecretion, hyperacidity, mucosal hyperplasia, ulceration.

Front 15

Describe a glucagonoma.

Back 15

A-cell tumour.

Hyperglycaemia, diabetes mellitus.