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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zymogens released from acinar cells
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release zymogens and trypsinogen, trypsinogen activated via enteropeptidase (on brush border). Trypsin activates other zymogens EXCEPT amylase and lipase (released in active form)
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Mechanisms to prevent autodigestion
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1. Storage in vessicles
2. Proenzymes 3. Pancreas secretes trypsin inhibitors |
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Regulation of exocrine pancreas
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1. CCK- released when food is in the duodenum, stimulates the pancreas to release zymogens, lipase and amylase.
2. Secretin- released when food is in the duodenum, pancreas stimulated to release NaCl, water, bicarb |
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Exocrine vs. endocrine pancreas
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Exocrine- from acinar cells; secretes enzymes
Endocrine- from islet cells; secretes insulin |
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Systemic effects of pancreatic necrosis/peritonitis
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DIC, inflammation, shock, cardiopulmonary dys, peritonitis, hypocalcemia
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Etiology of pancreatic necrosis
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idiopathic, nutrition, drug, ischemia, obstruction (neoplasia, inflammation, stones, parasites)
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qualities of acute pancreatitis
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inflammation and necrosis of fat (bright white spots)
can be fibrinous (heals by fibrosis) |
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qualities of chronic pancreatitis
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fibrosis, will not see neutrophils
fat necrosis |
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diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis
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clinical sings
CBC/chem TLI, Spec cPL imaging laparotomy biopsy painful on palpation |
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exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) etiology
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occurs after singificant portions of the pancreas are destroyed, results in maldigestion because of a lack of enzymes
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clinical signs of EPI
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very skinny, history of chronic diarrhea
hypoglycemic hypoproteinemic hypocholesterolemic |
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Diagnosing EPI
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TLI- trypsin like immunoreactivity
will be DECREASED in EPI because it is a pancreatic enzyme and pancreas is not functioning normally |
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pancreatic disorders of growth
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nodular hyperplasia- common in cats, not pathogenic
carcinomas- not common, will destroy mechanisms preventing autodigestion |
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PLI as diagnostic for inflammation
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pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity
species specific for dogs and cats- VERY sensitive and specific |
