• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/127

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

127 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Progenitor cell of erythrocytes
Erythroid cell
Most important immature cell form of the erythrocyte
Reticulocyte
Increased reticulocytes in anemia
Destruction or loss of RBCs
Functioning bone marrow
Decreased reticulocytes in anemia
Decreased production caused by bone marrow failure or nutritional deficiency (B12, Fe, Folate)
Left Shift
Bacterial Infection:
Increased WBCs
Increased PMNs
Bands
Right Shift
Low to normal WBCs with increased percentage of normal lymphs
Reactive lymphocytes
Infectious mono
Where should lymphoblasts never be?
Periphery
Cells found in parasitic/helminth infection
Eosinophils
Cells associated with allergies
Eosinophils
Pancytopenia
Hypocellular bone marrow
Aplastic anemia
Diagnosis of Aplastic anemia
Bone marrow
Common causes of aplastic anemia
Sulfa
Anticonvulsants
Gold
Penicillamine
Chemo
Radiation
Aplastic anemia Tx
Monitor bone marrow for recovery
If not, intervene
Clonal disorder of the stem cell found in Pts with previous chemo/radiation exposure
Transformation to leukemia is common
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Myeloproliferative Disorders (6)
Polycythemia Vera
Essential Thrombocytosis
CML
CLL
AML
ALL
Increased red cell mass not due to increased EPO (bone marrow issue, not kidney problem)
Splenomegaly
Expanded blood volume
Tinnitus, general pruritis, blurred vision
Primary Polycythemia Vera
Bluish skin, burning palms and soles
Erythromalacia
Due to decreased oxygenation caused by OSA, COPD, high altitudes, increased CO levels found in toll booth workers/smokers
Kidney is tricked into making excess EPO
Secondary Polycythemia Vera
Primary Polycythemia Vera Tx
Phlebotomy
Myelosupression
Sustained thrombocytosis without a cause
Platelet count >500K
DVT, PE, erythromalacia
Essential Thrombocytosis
Essential Thrombocytosis Tx
Urea
Platelet lowering meds (hydroxyurea)
Markedly increased WBC count (>150,000)
Splenomegaly
Sternal tenderness
CML
Philedelphia Chromosomes
CML
CML Tx
Imitinib mesylate
See blasts, think ___
Cancer
Acute leukemia transition
Blasts, few normal PMNs
Death in weeks to months
Blast crisis
Asymptomatic at presentation
Mainly in elderly men
Mature lymphs
Typically chronic/indolent course
CLL
Smudge cells
CLL
Most common leukemia
CLL
Indications for Tx of CLL (3)
Progressive fatigue
Severe anemia
Younger pts
CLL Tx
Fludarabine
Pancytopenia with circulating blasts in peripheral smear
AML
How to distinguish subtype of AML
Bone marrow Bx
Auer rods
AML
Risk factors for AML
Exposure to toxins (Benzene/Radiation)
Rapid increase in PMNs
Bone pain, lemphadenopathy, bleeding from nose/mouth
AML
AML Tx
Induction Chemo
Transplant can provide cure in younger pts
Most common childhood leukemia
ALL
Bleeding, fatigue, SOB, bone pain in kids
ALL
Plasma cell cancer of older adults
Muliple Myeloma
Lytic bone lesions with negative bone scan
Multiple Meyeloma
Bone pain, hypercalcemia, renal failure, cord compression, bone fractures
Multiple Myeloma
Bence-Jones Proteins
Multiple Myeloma
No fever
No increase in AlkPhos
No splenemegaly
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma Tx
Chemo
Thalidomide
Stem Cell Transplant
Hyperchromic anemia
Spherocytosis
Earliest and best indicator of Fe deficiency
Serum ferritin
Microcytic anemias (4)
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Anermia of chronic desease
Macrocytic anemias (2)
B12
Folate
Anemia associated with lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
Most common medical disorder worldwide
Iron deficiency anemia
Target cells
Iron deficiency anemia
Decreased retic count
Low ferritin/transferrin
Decreased serum iron
Increased TIBC
Iron deficiency anemia
IDA Tx
Elemental Fe TID
Hgb should normalize in 6-10 weeks
Monitor retic count
Reduction in production of either the alpha or beta chain
Inherited disorders
Thalassemias
Anemia mild compared to MCV
Target cells
Normal Fe studies
Thalassemia
Severe anemia from infancy
Family history
Massive splenomegally
Beta-Thalassemia Major
Mediterranean dissent
Mild/persistant anemia
Beta-Thalassemia Minor
Thalassemia Tx
RBC Trans
Folic acid supplementation
Splenectomy (Beta Major)
Bsophilic stippling
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead Poisoning
Episodic paralytic ileus
Lead poisoning
Ringed sideroblasts seen with Prussian blue stain on bone marrow
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead Poisoning Tx
Chelation Therapy
Chelation Therapy is Tx for these diseases (2)
Lead Poisoning
Wilson's
Where is B12 absorbed?
Terminal Illieum of Small Intestine
Autoimmune is cause of anemia
Associated with gastric cancer
Pernicious anemia
Anemia is caused by gastric bypass or Crohn's
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Paresthesias early, then gait disturbances
Decreased position and vibratory sense
AMS late
B12 Deficiency
High MCV
High RDW
Serum B12 low
Enlarged platelets
Intrinsic factor antibodies
Hypersegmented neutrophils
B12 Deficiency Anemia
Positive Shillings Test
B12 Deficiency Anemia
B12 Deficiency Anemia Tx
Replace B12 (Cobalamin forever)
Inadequate diatary intake
Common in ETOHism, pregnancy, liver disease, meds
NO NEUROPATHY SYMPTOMS
Folate Deficiency
Which has neuropathy symptoms: Folate deficiency or B12?
B12
Howell-Jolly Bodies
Folate Deficiency
Increased retic count
No evidence of bleeding
Indirect (unconjugated bilirubinemia)
Hemolytic anemia
Intrinsic causes of hemolytic anemia (3)
G6PD
Spherocytosis
Sickle Cell
Extrinsic causes of hemolytic anemia (4)
Autoimmune
Drug reactions (malaria drugs)
TTP/DIC/HUS
Prosthetic heart valves
X-linked recessive disease found in Mediterranean and African American males
G6PD Deficiency
Heinz bodies
G6PD Deficiency
Drugs that cause hemolysis in pts with G6PD (3)
Quinidine/quinine
Sulfas
Nitrofurantoin
Mild autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia that typically presents with established infection
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Spherocytes found
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hereditary Spherocytosis Tx
Splenectomy
Folate Replacement
Hgb S Disease
Sickle Cell
Jaundice
Pigment Gallstones
Splenomegaly
Pretibial ulcers
Sickle Cell
Sickle Cell Management (6)
Maintain adequate hydration
Analgesics
Folate replacement (rapid turnover)
Pneumo vaccination
Transfusion
Hydroxyurea
IgG autoantibody
Positive Coombs' test
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Tx
Prednisone
Normocytic, Normochromic Anemia
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Lymph Node Cancers
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Most common lymphoma in young adults
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Painless, rubbery lympadenopathy usually in the neck
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Painless lymphadenopathy gthat is widespread
Drenching night sweats
Non-Hodgkin's
Non-Hodgkin's Dx
Lymph Node Biopsy
Coagulopathies (9)
ITP
TTP
HUS
Von Willebrand's
Hemophilia A & B & C
Vit K deficiency
Coagulopathy of liver disease
DIC
Thrombotic diseases
What factor is not made inthe liver?
VIII
Extrinsic Pathway
PT/INR
Warfarin
Intrinsic Pathway
aPTT (Factor VIII)
Heparin
Well-appearing pt, mucosal or skin purpura, epistaxis, oral bleeding, no hemarthroses
Normal bone marrow
ITP
Adult who is acutely ill, usually febrile, has CNS abnormalities
Marked anemia, red cell fragments, thrombocytopenia
Normal Coag panal
TTP
Schistocytes
TTP
Which has a normal coag panel: DIC or TTP?
TTP
Abnormal/excessive activation of clotting cascade
DIC
Always precipitated by a serious event/illness
Bleeding and thrombosis
Abnormal lab values for all coag values
DIC
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
VonWillebrand's
VonWillebrand's Tx
Avoid NSAIDs/ASA
Desmopressin before dental extractions
Factor VIII deficiency
Hemophilia A
Spontaneous hemarthroses
Hemophilia
aPTT prolonged but PT, BT all normal
Hemophilia A
Christmas Disease
Hemophilia B
Factor IX Deficiency
Hemophilia B
Rosental Syndrome
Hemophilia C
Factor XI Deficiency
Hemophilia C
Presents with bleeding after surgery or trauma, menorrhagia
No spontaneous hemarthroses
Hemophilia C
Hemophilia C Tx
FFP
Most common thrombosis
Factor V Leiden
Drug that causes renal impairment, nuropathy (auditory)
Cisplatin
Drug that causes cardiac toxicity
Adriamycin
Drug that causes peripheral neruopathy
Vincristine
Drug that causes pulmonary toxicity
Bleomycin
Tumor marker Ca 19-9
Pancreas
Tumor marker Ca 125
Ovarian
Tumor marker AFP
Liver
Tumor marker CEA
Colon
Tumor marker PSA
Prostate