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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fibrates MOA:
Uses: Side effects: |
MOA: PPAR-alpha agonist, ^lipoprotein lipase activity, ^VLDL clearance
Uses: Decreases TG, ^HDL SE: myopathy, GI upset, gallstones |
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Statins MOA:
Uses: Side effects: |
MOA: inhibits HMG coA reductase
Uses: decreases LDL SE: ^ LFTs, myopathy |
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Niacin MOA:
Uses: Side Effects: |
MOA: decreases VLDL production in liver
Uses: decreased LDL, ^ HDL SE: flushing, HA, GI upset, ^LFTs, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia |
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Resins MOA:
Uses: Side effects: |
MOA: bile acid sequestrans
Uses: decreases LDL SE: GI upset, decreased absorption of coumadin, digitalis |
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How do thiazides work:
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inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule
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How do loop diuretics work?
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inhibits Na/K/Cl reabsorption in ascending limb of loop of henle
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Triad of symptoms typical of severe aortic stenosis?
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syncope
chest pain heart failure |
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What does CHADS score stand for?
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C: CHF
H: Hypertension (140/90 or on meds) A: Age >75 D: diabetes S: prior stroke or TIA Determines need for anticoag therapy in afib |
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How does Heparin, LMWH work?
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Stimulates Antithrombin III production:
inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin production |
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How do Plavix work?
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inhibits ADP formation
decreased platelet aggregation |
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Murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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systolic crescendo-decrescendo at LLSB
increases with valsalva and standing |
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Etiologies causing restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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-scleroderma
-amyloidosis -sarcoidosis -hemochromatosis -endomyocardial process (anthracycline, carcinoid) |
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes heart failure of what side more than the other?
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Right sided > left
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PE findings in aortic insufficiency?
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-wide pulse pressure
-Corrigans pulse ("water hammer", rapid rise/fall) -Pistol shot sound over femoral artery -Mullers sign: systolic pulsations of uvula |
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Murmur in aortic insufficiency?
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early diastolic decrescendo at LUSB
increases if sitting forward, with expiration, and with hand grip |
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Murmur in mitral regurg?
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high pitched blowing holosystolic murmur at apex, radiates to axila (+/- thrill)
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Murmur in mitral stenosis?
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low pitched mid-diastolic rumble at apex, best heard in left lateral decub during expiration, decrescendo
opening snap (early diastolic sound) |
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Clinical findings of mitral stenosis?
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dyspnea
pulmonary edema afib embolic events |
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Hoarseness from left atrium compressing recurrent laryngeal nerve with mitral stenosis?
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ortners syndrome
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What is P mitrale?
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left atrial enlargement
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What is pulmonary artery pressure in severe mitral stenosis?
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>50 mmHg
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Causes of mitral stenosis?
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rheumatic heart disease
mitral annular calcification (encroachment upon leaflets) congenital valvulitis (SLE, amyloid, carcinoid) |
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Most common cause of mitral regurg?
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mitral valve prolapse
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Murmur in mitral valve prolapse?
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high pitched midsystolic click
+/- mid to late systolic murmur |
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Dx: Post MI syndrome with pericarditis and tamponade
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Dresslers syndrome
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Name of sign: distant heart sounds, dullness over left posterior lung field due to atelectasis from pericardial effusion
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Ewart's sign
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CXR finding in pericardial effusion?
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water bottle sign (increased cardiac silhouette)
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A Pericardial effusion of what size should be drained?
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>2 cm
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Definition of pulsus paradoxus?
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decrease in SBP >10 during inspiration
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What is kussmauls sign?
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rise in JVP during inspiration (should decrease)
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Echo findings in tamponade?
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effusion
septal shift with inspiration diastolic collapse of RA changes in transvalvlar velocities with inspiration |
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Echo findings in constrictive pericarditis?
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"septal bounce"
(displacement of septum during early diastole) |
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A high pitched S3 (early diastolic) heard in constrictive pericarditis?
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pericardial knock
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PE findings in constrictive pericarditis?
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JVP with prominent y descent
kussmauls sign pericardial knock ascites, edema |
