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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 hypotheses are discussed are discussed in this chapter for tent-making?
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Construct tents near food because bats use a lot of energy for food.
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Royte claims that Bret Weinstein is not an experiment biologist? What does she mean by this? How can Weinstein then test his hypotheses?
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He doesn't research one type of bats, he does them all.
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If Brett's hypothesis iscorrect what prediction might you make about the location of bat nests in space and time? What acts to limit the location of bat nests (why wouldn't they just build anywhere)
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They build tents near food-- why wouldn't they build near food?
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What does the auther mean when she talks about the costs of certain behaviors. Suggest some examples of possible costs of tent making? What might be the benefit of tent making for these bats? How might these costs/benefits shape the behavior of animals in an evolutionary sense?
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"Costs" basically means energy that they are losing from what they are doing when using energy. You are generally not gaining energy if they are spread out, it takes more energy to find mates.
Benefit: if making the tent helps to make off spring then it's worth using energy. |
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What is falsification and what part does it play in science?
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falsification: a hypothesis is acceptable as long as it has with stood all attempts to prove it false, either by experiment or by contrary evidence. "Theory that all of the tests they have performed has not rejectedd their hypothesis... yet"
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What is basic science? How is it different from applied sciences? can basic science be jusitified in ligh of currect ecological problems? Why or why not?
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Basic seience- interests that person
Applied science- research for specific outcome basic science by justified in light of current ecological problems? You have to understand before saving them |
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If a population is a group of organisms of the same species, and a community is a group of interacting species in an area, what do you think comprisesan ecosystem? Why do th researchers discussd in this chapter feel it's so important to understand how ecosystems work?
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Community and haditat, if you don't understand the big picture you won't understand the smaller, it's important to understand how one thing relaties to another. Fish leaving, orcas stopped eating, seals so now they go for the otters.
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What's meant by the term "ecosystem services?"
What are some excamples of these? |
Allows humans and other creatures to survive.
Different species that provide water, air, drought, floods, and soil creation. When they function the way they are supposed to-- it makes life "liveable." |
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What do you think might be the most competed for resource in tropical rainforests?
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Sunlight
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How does that affect the structure (appearence) of the rainforest overall? The appearance of large trees?
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Dark and shadowy
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What is an epiphyte? What are the advantages of an epiphytic lifestyle for life in a tropical forest?
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The advantages of an epiphytic lifestyle is that it can live in cold/warm weather.
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What problems are associated with an epiphytic lifetyle? What are soem of the ways in which epiphytes overcome them?
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Lack of water-- they don't waste water.
Poor nutrients-- nitrogen. |
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What are some advantages of Crassulacean acid photosynthesis (CAM)?
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Conserve water
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What are some of the strategies used by vines tp reach the canopy?
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pg. 47
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What problems do epiphytes cause for trees? What about vines? What are some of the strategies employed by trees to combat epiphytes and vines?
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They shed bark. They are heavy and pull down the vines. They have posions and toxins.
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How does the matapalo grow? How is this an adaptation for life in a tropical forest?
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Starts from the top, gooey coating, has to have a lot of bacteria which increase it's chances.
Doesn't have to expand energy because it starts from the op. No energy for a massive trunk. |
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What important roles does it play in the forest ecology?
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Hosts animals.
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What are some of the animals that might be found is association wiht matapalos during the day? At night?
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Gecko, Monkey-Spiders, Lizards, Wasps, Ants, Crickets, Bees, Frogs
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What is meant, in ecological terms, by the word "Niche."
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Size ofarea, depends on organism to define niche. Everything that defines the organism.
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Where are most of the nutrients of rain forests sequestered?
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canopy.
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What types of organisms participate in nutrient recycling?
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Beetles, Millipedes, Protozoes, Termites, and fungi.
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Discuess some of the uses for "poop" in tropical forests.
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Attract mates
Preditors eat off spring Dung Beetles roll it |
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When tropical forest vegetation is cleared, why doesn't it grow back? Why do crops fail after only a few years?
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Nutrients are gone. Fungal mats observe nutrients.
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What is Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection? What determines the winners and losers in the "stuggle for existence?" How does this in turn lead to modification of species over time?
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Animals reproduce a lot of offspring, the offspring that have the characteristics to survive reproduce more then the ones that don't. Which animal has the most survived offspring which is selected by the environment. Animal with characterists would keep on reproducing so eventually they are the only ones to survive.
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What is the source of differences between members of the species upon which natural selection acts? how and why does new variation arise?
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Unpredictable change in traits, mutation, random mistake.
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Describe what is meant by an "adaption." What determines whether or not a trait or character is adaptive? What are some examples of the types of adaptions found in the tropics?
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If it helps it survive. Tail on monkey, longer beaks on birds. Has to be something that can be inherited. Going to the gym won't help your child.
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What would be the adaptive advantage of looking like a poisonous animal (i.e. mimicry) if the mimic is not posonous? Why do you supposed all animals of a particulat taxa (e.g. monarch butterflies)? In other words, what limits the situationi where minicry is successful?
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To think they are poisonous. Animals dont know theyare poisonous, they don't know because there poisonous animals near-by.
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What are abiotic selection pressures? What are biotic selection pressures? Which are more likely to be important in the tropics and why?
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Climate (abiotic-living, abiotic-nonliving). Weather- aren't living.
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How do the terms species richness and species richness and species diveristy differ?
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Diversity is the number of species in an aread-- counting species. Richness is the number of animals -- calculated.
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Stability-time hypothesis
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Give species time to evolve because climate is stable
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Interspecfic competition hypothesis
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2 different species compete for the same limited resourde-- maybe one has a better eye sight at night so they can look for food at night so that is specilization
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Predation hypothesis
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Predators are maintaining diversity
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Productivity-resources hypothesis
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Climate stable-- tress could produce fruit all year long -- so species can ge nectar and fruit
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