Palmer Pns Exam I

Front 1

Name the three components of the Peripheral Nervous System

Back 1

Cranial, Spinal and Visceral nerves

Front 2

Motor nerves have a nucleus of _____

Back 2

origin

Front 3

All spinal nerves are _________

Back 3

mixed

Front 4

There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves that attach directly to the brain, arise from the cranial vault and are transmitted through patent openings mostly in the floor of the cranial vault.

Back 4

12

Front 5

There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves all of which attach to the spinal cord and are transmitted through an intervertebral foramen or its counterpart (sacral foramina).

Back 5

31

Front 6

Each spinal nerve has an ______ spinal nerve root, a ______ spinal nerve root and a ____________.

Back 6

Anterior, Posterior, Gray Ramus Communicans

Front 7

Each spinal nerve has 3 initial branches: 1.________ 2.________ 3.__________

Back 7

Anterior primary division, Posterior primary division, Recurrent meningeal

Front 8

All ______ nerves have a nucleus of origin and a nucleus of termination.

Back 8

mixed

Front 9

The _____________ is the system that regulates and controls the internal environment of the body -- homeostasis.

Back 9

Peripheral Visceral Nervous System

Front 10

The two divisions of the visceral nervous system are the _______ and _______ divisions.

Back 10

parasympathetic, sympathetic

Front 11

__________ (Craniosacral) Division is primarily concerned with the control of the greater splanchnic organs such as lungs, heart, digestive and urogenital systems.

Back 11

Parasympathetic

Front 12

Parasympathetic nerve fibers are carried initially by the ___, ___, ___ and ___ cranial nerves as well as 2-4 sacral spinal nerves.

Back 12

III, VII, IX, X

Front 13

_______ (Thoracolumbar) Division controls all visceral structures in the body except the constrictor pupillae muscle.

Back 13

Sympathetic

Front 14

It is through its control of all blood vessels that the sympathetic system influences the function of all tissues in the human body. These nerves are considered ______ for the organ dependent on the controlled blood supply.

Back 14

trophic

Front 15

_______ may be influenced by compromised blood supply.

Back 15

cavities

Front 16

There is sympathetic influence on all organs of the body by way of _______ nerves that innervate all blood vessels.

Back 16

vasomotor

Front 17

Sympathetic nerve fibers arise from the lateral horn of ___-___ or ___

Back 17

T1-L2 or L3

Front 18

There are 3 types of cranial nerves; ______, ______, and ______

Back 18

motor, sensory, mixed

Front 19

Motor (Efferent) cranial nerves arise from a cluster of neuron cell bodies located inside the CNS, called a ___________.

Back 19

Nucleus of Origin

Front 20

Motor nerve fibers carry impulses which elicit some response of an effector organ such as _______ of a muscle or _______ of a gland.

Back 20

contraction, secretion

Front 21

Name the paranasal sinus NOT supplied by the maxillary division of the trigeminal.

Back 21

Frontal Sinus (pg 26-27)

Front 22

An oligodendroglioma affecting cells of the cuneus gyrus would likely impair one's ability to ________.

Back 22

See (pg 16)

Front 23

A hornet has stung you in the middle of your earlobe. Pain from that sting is initially carried by the _________ nerve. (be specific and complete). These are fibers from neurons of the _______. Fibers from these cells will then synapse with cells in nuclei of termination. Fibers from the nuclei of termination will then synapse with neurons in the ______ and fibers from these cells will ultimately synapse with cells in the __________ (be specific)

Back 23

auriculotemporal n., mandibular division, trigeminal n. -- Gasserian Ganglion, -- Thalamus (pg 30)

Front 24

How many cranial nerves are classified as motor nerves?

Back 24

5 (pg 8)

Front 25

The greater occipital and the ________ nerve (be specific and complete) supply most of the scalp.

Back 25

supraorbital nerve, frontal nerve, ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve (pg 25)

Front 26

Name or specifically identify neurons that synapse with axons from cells of the inner nuclear layer of the retina.

Back 26

Neurons in the ganglionic layer [tertiary neuron] (pg 14 & 17)

Front 27

What condition would likely result from a lesion of the piriform area?

Back 27

Hyposmia (pg 13)

Front 28

What ganglion controls the lacrimal, submaxillary, and parotid glands?

Back 28

Superior cervical ganglion (from lecture material)

Front 29

Give the specific and complete nerve supply for a muscle that opens the jaw.

Back 29

deep temporal n., mandibular division, trigeminal n. (pg 30)

Front 30

Hemorrhage affecting the nucleus for ocular movement NOT in the mesencephalon would likely cause what condition?

Back 30

converging strabismus (pg 32)

Front 31

Intermediolateral cells of cord levels T1 and 2 control all visceral structures in the head except the ________.

Back 31

Constrictor pupillae (pg 20)

Front 32

Interruption of the right optic tract would likely cause _________(be specific)

Back 32

Left hemianopia (pg 17)

Front 33

Your government representative, Carrie Sanderson, was celebrating the 4th of July holiday by shooting off firecrackers when a spark struck her eye. This caused a slight corneal burn resulting in some pain. Describe, as accurately as possible, the course of the pain impulse from her injury to the ultimate cord level of conscious awareness of the pain. (6 pt question)

Back 33

(draw pathway)sensory ganglion --> ciliary n.--> nasociliary n. --> ophthalmic n. --> Trigeminal n. --> Gasserian ganglion --> trigeminal spinal tract nucleus--> medial commisures -->Thalamus --> corona radiata --> post central gyrus (Broadman areas 3, 1, 2)

Front 34

Name the cells that run perpendicular to the inner layers of the retina proper.

Back 34

Sustentacular cells of Muller (pg 101 --- was a bonus question on exam)

Front 35

Give the specific function of the cells that lie in the gray matter on the floor of the Sylvian aqueduct with the upper border of the inferior colliculus.

Back 35

innervate obliquus oculi superioris causing eye to look inferolateral (down and out). (pg 21 --- was a bonus question on exam)

Front 36

Name or specifically identify the nuclear cells that control the dilator pupillae muscle

Back 36

superior cervical ganglion (pg 19 --was a bonus question on exam)

Front 37

Tic douloureux is a condition associated with an inflammation of nerves composed of fibers from these ganglionic cells.

Back 37

Gasserian ganglion (pg 31?)

Front 38

What clinical findings may result from impairment of sympathetic fibers carried by the IV cranial nerve?

Back 38

The eyes would be stuck looking superolateral [up and out]. They would be unable to look inferolateral [down and out] (pg 21)

Front 39

How many cranial nerves have a sensory function?

Back 39

7 (pg 8)

Front 40

The cortical center of vision is in the _______.

Back 40

Broadman area 17, Cuneus Gyrus [Visual interpretation would be B.A. 18 &19] (pg 16)

Front 41

Name the structure that connects the hippocampus gyrus with the hypothalamus.

Back 41

Fornix (pg 13)

Front 42

A lesion of the left optic tract would likely cause what specific condition?

Back 42

Right hemianopia (pg 17)

Front 43

Sensory fibers from the ventral thalamic nucleus ascend as part of the ____________. These fibers will end by synapsing with cells in the ______________ (be specific).

Back 43

Corona radiata of the centrum semiovale -- Post central gyrus [B.A. 3,1,2] (pg 11)

Front 44

The dentist is going to repair a cavity in your upper second molar. This will require what nerve to be anesthetized/blocked? (be specific and complete)

Back 44

Posterior superior alveolar n. maxillary division, trigeminal. (pg 27)

Front 45

The fibers of the tectospinal tract synapse with these cells.

Back 45

Anterior gray horn cells of the cervical spinal cord. (?)

Front 46

Impulses from these cells actively dilate the ocular pupil.

Back 46

Intermediolateral gray horn cells at T1-T2 spinal cord levels (pg 20)

Front 47

These cells give rise to the cortical projections of vision.

Back 47

Lateral geniculate body (pg. 16)

Front 48

The Commisure of Gudden connects these nuclei together.

Back 48

Medial geniculate body (pg 17)

Front 49

The principal nucleus of origin for spinal nerves is located here.

Back 49

Anterior gray horn cells (?)

Front 50

Name or identify the second neuron in the visual pathway from initial reception to the ultimate level of interpretation

Back 50

Bipolar neuron in the internal nuclear layer (pg 14- was a bonus question on exam)

Front 51

What specific nerve represents the sensory root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 51

Pterygopalatine nerve, maxillary division, trigeminal (pg 28 --was a bonus question on exam)

Front 52

Interference with sympathetic impulses affecting the ocular pupil would likely cause what clinical finding?

Back 52

Atrophy of the dilator pupillae muscle, constriction of the eye (pg 19)

Front 53

Name the smallest motor nerve transmitted through the superior orbital fissure.

Back 53

Trochlear [IV cranial] (pg 21)

Front 54

Give the complete nerve supply for the muscle that allows one to consciously increase the sense of hearing.

Back 54

Medial (internal) pterygoid of mandibular, trigeminal (pg 28)

Front 55

What paranasal sinus is NOT innervated by the maxillary nerve?

Back 55

Frontal sinus (pg 20)

Front 56

Interruption of the trophic elements carried by the IV cranial would likely cause what condition?

Back 56

Eye would look superolaterally [up and out] and would be unable to look inferolateraly [out and down] (pg 21)

Front 57

Name the membrane that separates the scala media and the scala tympani and supports the Spiral organ of Corti.

Back 57

Basilar (pg 39)

Front 58

A neuroglioma in the calcarine cortex would most likely impair one's ability to _______.

Back 58

See (pg 16)

Front 59

Give the complete nerve supply to the mylohyoideus muscle.

Back 59

Muscular branch [cervical], inferior alveolar, mandibular, trigeminal (V cranial) (pg 30)

Front 60

Postganglionic fibers that control the pituitary gland arise from cells of the ____________.

Back 60

Otic ganglion (pg 30)

Front 61

How many cranial nerves have a sensory function?

Back 61

7 (pg 8)

Front 62

Give the anatomical type of neurons found in Bowman's membrane.

Back 62

Bipolar (pg 12)

Front 63

The preganglionic neurons that control myopic vision are found in the _________.

Back 63

Edinger-Westphal's nucleus (pg 18-19)

Front 64

What nerve passes through the sphenopalatine foramen and then the incisor canal?

Back 64

Nasopalatine (pg 26)

Front 65

Fibers from the trapezoid and superior olivary nuclei ascend in the brainstem as the ________ which ends initially in relation to cells of the _________.

Back 65

Lateral lemniscus ---inferior colliculus (pg 39)

Front 66

You are to have dental work performed on the anterior bicuspid of the upper jaw. The dentist would likely anaesthetize (block) the ________.

Back 66

Middle superior alveolar, maxillary division, trigeminal [C.N. V] (pg 27)

Front 67

Give a specific clinical finding of a lower motor neuron.

Back 67

Hypotonicity, hyporeflexia, paresis, atrophy of the muscle (pg 10)

Front 68

The tectospinal tract is composed of fibers from these cells.

Back 68

Superior colliculus/ pretectal nucleus

Front 69

Impulses from these cells actively constrict the ocular pupil.

Back 69

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Front 70

These cells represent the nucleus of termination of osmia.

Back 70

Mitral cell (pg 12)

Front 71

What nucleus that directly controls ocular movement is not in the mesencephalon?

Back 71

Abducen motor nucleus

Front 72

The principal nucleus of termination for spinal nerves is located here.

Back 72

Posterior gray horn

Front 73

Name or identify the third neuron in the visual pathway from the initial reception to the ultimate level of interpretation.

Back 73

The third neuron is in the ganglionic layer of the retina (pg 15 ---was bonus question on exam)

Front 74

What specific nerve represents the sensory root of the ciliary ganglion?

Back 74

short ciliary nerve, ciliary n., nasociliary n., ophthalmic division, trigeminal (pg 25)

Front 75

Interference with parasympathetic impulses affecting the ocular pupil would cause what clinical finding?

Back 75

Innability of the pupil to constrict when the light is shined in it. (pg 20)

Front 76

Specifically name or identify the preganglionic neurons that control the pituitary gland.

Back 76

Lateral horn/cornu/gray column/intermediolateral cells of cord levels T1-2.

Front 77

Interruption of the right optic tract would cause what specific condition?

Back 77

Left hemianopia

Front 78

The largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve is the _________.

Back 78

Frontal

Front 79

Name a visceral structure in the head NOT supplied by sympathetic fibers.

Back 79

Constrictor (sphincter) pupillae muscle

Front 80

A glioma of the piriform area would interfere with one's ability to __________.

Back 80

Smell (perceive orders)

Front 81

Specifically name or identify the ganglionic cells that control the parotid gland, dilator pupillae muscle, sweat gland on your forehead, erector pili muscle on your eyebrow, and the striate artery in the brain.

Back 81

Superior cervical ganglion

Front 82

Name a nucleus concerned with visual reflexes.

Back 82

Pretectal or superior colliculis

Front 83

The dentist is preparing to repair a cavity in your upper right medial incisor tooth. What nerve will be blocked by the anaesthetic? (Be specific and complete with your answer.)

Back 83

Anterior superior alveolar, maxillary division, trigeminal [C.N. V] (pg 27)

Front 84

Name the ganglionic neurons concerned with pupillary dilation.

Back 84

Superior cervical ganglion (was a bonus question on exam)

Front 85

The 3rd layer of the retina from the choroid inward is the ________.

Back 85

Membrana limitans externum

Front 86

How many cranial nerves have a sensory function?

Back 86

7 [3 sensory, 4 mixed] (pg 8}

Front 87

An oligodendroglioma affecting the ocular nucleus in the pons would likely cause what clinical manifestation?

Back 87

converging strabismus (pg 32)

Front 88

Name or specifically identify the neurons that give rise to the fibers of the nervus intermedius of Wrisberg (glossopalatine nerve) (2 pt value)

Back 88

geniculate ganglion--nucleus salivatorius

Front 89

Destruction of the paraterminal area would most likely result in what clinical condition?

Back 89

hyposmia (pg 13)

Front 90

Name a nucleus concerned with visual reflexes.

Back 90

superior colliculus nucleus or pretectal nucleus (pg 16)

Front 91

A lesion of the right lateral geniculate body would most likely cause what clinical condition?

Back 91

left hemianopia (pg 17)

Front 92

Name the paranasal sinus NOT supplied by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal.

Back 92

Maxillary sinus (pg 24-25)

Front 93

An oligodendroglioma affecting cells of the cuneus gyrus would likely impair one's ability to_________.

Back 93

See (pg 16)

Front 94

A hornet has stung you in the middle of your cheek. Pain from that sting is initially carried by the _______ nerve (be specific and complete). These are fibers from neurons of the _________. Fibers from these cells will then synapse with cells in nuclei of termination. From the nuclei of termination, they will then synapse with neurons in the ________; and these cells will ultimately synapse with cells in the __________ (be specific).

Back 94

Buccal nerve, mandibular division, trigeminal nerve.--Gasserian ganglion--Thalamus--Post-central gyrus [B.A. 3, 1,2] (pg 30)

Front 95

How many cranial nerves have a motor function?

Back 95

9 total, 5 motor and 4 mixed. (pg 8)

Front 96

The greater occipital and the ___________ nerve (be specific and complete) supply the back of the scalp.

Back 96

Supraorbital n., frontal n., ophthalmic division, trigeminal. (pg 25)

Front 97

Name or specifically identify neurons that synapse with axons from cells of rods and cones of the retina

Back 97

Inner nuclear layer [secondary neurons] (pg 101)

Front 98

What condition would likely result result from a lesion in the piriform area?

Back 98

Hyposmia (pg 13)

Front 99

What specific nucleus controls the lacrimal, submaxillary, and parotid glands?

Back 99

Superior cervical ganglion (from lecture)

Front 100

Give the specific and complete nerve supply for the muscle that increases our sense of hearing.

Back 100

Medial pterygoid n., mandibular division, trigeminal n. (pg 29)

Front 101

Hemorrhage affecting the nucleus for ocular movement on a level with the inferior colliculus in the mesencephalon likely cause what condition?

Back 101

Eye has a superolateral [upward and slight outward] glare (pg 21)

Front 102

Intermediolateral cells of cord levels T1 and 2 control all visceral structures in the head except the ___________.

Back 102

constrictor pupillae (pg 20)

Front 103

The dentist is going to block (anaesthetize) what specific nerve to repair a cavity in your lower bicuspid tooth?

Back 103

Inferior alveolar n., mandibular division, trigeminal n. (pg 30--was a bonus question on exam)

Front 104

Name the nerves that run from the ciliary ganglion to the eyeball.

Back 104

Short ciliar n., ciliary n., nasociliary n., ophthalmic division, trigeminal n. (pg 19 --was a bonus question on exam)

Front 105

What nerve represents the sympathetic root of Meckel's ganglion?

Back 105

Superior cervical ganglion ---from lecture---was a bonus question on exam)

Front 106

The fibers of the tectospinal tract synapse with these cells.

Back 106

Anterior gray horn cells of the cervical spinal cord

Front 107

Impulses from these cells actively dilate the ocular pupil

Back 107

Intermediolateral gray horn cells, T1-2 cord level

Front 108

These cells give rise to the cortical projections of vision.

Back 108

Lateral geniculate body (pg 16)

Front 109

The commissure of Gudden connects these nuclei together.

Back 109

Medial geniculate body (pg 17)

Front 110

The principal nucleus of origin for spinal nerves is located here.

Back 110

Anterior gray horn (pg 4)

Front 111

Name or identify the second neuron in the visual pathway from initial reception to the ultimate level of interpretation.

Back 111

Bipolar neuron in the inner nuclear layer (pg 101---was a bonus question on exam)

Front 112

What specific nerve represents the sensory root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 112

Pterygopalatine n., maxillary division, trigeminal n. (pg 26--was a bonus question on exam)

Front 113

Interference with sympathetic impulses affecting the ocular pupil would likely cause what clinical finding?

Back 113

Constricted pupil (was bonus question on exam)

Front 114

The principal nerve transmitted thru the facial hiatus is the ____________ while the principal nerve transmitted thru the inferior orbital fissure is the ____________.

Back 114

Great petrosal of facial -- maxillary division, trigeminal n.

Front 115

Name or identify the primary sensory neurons of osmia.

Back 115

Bowman's membrane

Front 116

The secondary sensory neurons of taste are found in the ___________.

Back 116

Nucleus of Tractus Solitarius

Front 117

How many cranial nerves are classified as motor _____ and how many have a sensory function_____?

Back 117

9, 7

Front 118

Name or identify the nuclear cells that give rise to the impulses for the pituitary gland ___________; and the ganglionic cells with which the nuclear cells synapse for the pituitary gland___________.

Back 118

Lateral horn T1-2---Superior cervical ganglion

Front 119

Name or identify the 2 groups of neurons that give rise to the nervus intermedius (glossopalatine) nerve ____________ and _____________.

Back 119

Geniculate ganglion -- nucleus salivatorius superioris

Front 120

Name a specific structure controlled by impulses carried by fibers of the superior ramus of the oculo motor nerve.

Back 120

Levator palpabrae superioris or rectus oculi superiori

Front 121

The nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian) is formed by the ___________ and ________ nerves.

Back 121

Deep petrosal --- greater petrosal, of facial

Front 122

The lateral part of the mandibular sling is the __________ give the nerve supply for this muscle __________.

Back 122

masseter muscle -- masseteric of mandibular of trigeminal

Front 123

The principal nerve formed by the posterior superior nasal group of fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion is the ___________.

Back 123

nasopalatine

Front 124

Give the clinical manifestation or condition that would result from a lesion e.g. tumor of each of the nerves listed below: 1. Rt. optic nerve _______ 2. IV cranial _______ 3. VI cranial __________ 4. VII cranial ___________

Back 124

1. blindness rt. eye, 2. eye looks up and out (cannot look out and down) 3. cross eye (converging strabismus) 4. Bell's palsy (facial paralysis)