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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sheldons Somatype Theory |
1940s theory Attempts to connect Personality to body type Now a rejected theory |
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Sheldon Somatype theory: Endomorphic |
Round, short, soft Slow, likes food, affection, complacent |
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Sheldon Somatype theory: Mesomorphic |
Athletically built Courageous, adventurous, dominant |
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Sheldon Somatype theory: Ectomorphic |
Thin and light muscled Tense, anxious, introverted |
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Objective Personality Tests |
Direct approach to assessment of personality. Self assessment |
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Projective Personality Tests |
responding to vague, ambiguos stimuli ex. rorscchash, draw a person test, sentence completion, TAT these tend to have poor validity/reliability |
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MMPI |
Objective Personality Test Personality inventory, self assessement |
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TAT |
Thematic Appreception Test what do you see in this image? projective personality test |
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draw a person |
projective personality test evaluates cognition, asks people to draw |
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roscharch |
projective personality test what do you see in this inkblot? |
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Hippocrates personality types ******* |
*********** oldest personality theory ***Choleric- irritable- yellow bile Melancholic- depressed- black bile Sanguine- optimistic- blood Phlegmatic- calm- phlegm |
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Freuds structure of personality |
Id- Pleasure Principle Ego- Reality Principle Superego- Morality |
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Id |
Freuds structure of personality strives for immediate satisfaction primitive, sexual, agressive |
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Ego |
Freuds structure of personality reality principle gates demands of id (pleasure principle) social skills takes maturation and learning to develop |
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Superego |
Freuds structure of personality Moral principle conscience strives for perfection |
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Freuds Levels of Awareness |
Concious, preconcious, unconcious |
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Concious |
Freuds Levels of Awareness thoughts you're aware of presently |
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preconcious |
Freuds Levels of Awareness thoughts justbeneath awareness that can be easily retrieved |
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unconcious |
Freuds Levels of Awareness thoughts you’re notaware of WAY beneath conscious awareness |
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Defense Mechanisms |
Anna Freud coping technique that reduces anxiety from harmful impulses |
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Repression |
Defense Mechanisms Keepingdistressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious |
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Projection |
Defense Mechanisms Attributingone’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another |
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Displacement |
Defense Mechanisms Divertingemotional feelings (usually anger) from their original sourceto a substitute target |
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Reaction formation |
Defense Mechanisms Behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s truefeelings |
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Regression |
Defense Mechanisms Areversion to immature patterns of behavior |
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Rationalization |
Defense Mechanisms |
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Identification |
Defense Mechanisms Bolsteringself-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group |
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Sublimation |
Defense Mechanisms Channelingunconscious, unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable or admirableactivities |
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Psychosexual stages |
Freud Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital |
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Oral stage |
Freud Psychosexual stages stage 1 (0-1 years) way feeding is handled basis for obsessive eating/smoking in life, oral fixation |
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Anal stage |
Freud Psychosexual stages stage 2 (2-3 years) toilet training to early or late could cause a anal retentive or messy person |
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Phallic stage |
Freud Psychosexual stages stage 3 (4-5 years) oedipus/electra complex erotically tinged desires for opposite sex parent, hostility towards same sex parent penis envy |
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Latency stage |
Freud Psychosexual stages stage 4 (6-12) growth of superego, internalization of parental values lack of this makes you a psychopath |
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Genital stage |
Freud Psychosexual stages stage five (puberty onward) biological need to have sex conflicts with societal opinion |
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Consequence of stress |
Behavioral, physiological, health, cognitive |
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“Nothingis either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.”- Shakespeare |
Our perception causesstress and anxiety. (quote) |
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GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) |
Physiological reaction to stress change in electrical properties of person skin can be used to test stress levels |
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Physiological response to stress |
RR = resting rate ACTH = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone EEG =electroencephalograph GSR = galvanic skinresponse HR = heart rate BP = blood pressure |
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Learned Helplessness |
Behavioral reaction to stress believe you have no power to change stressful situation |
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Health consequences of stress |
physical- hypertension, stroke, heart disease, impaired immune system psychological- psychopathology, impaired memory/performance, |
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cognitive consequence of stress |
annoyance, apprehension, rejection, |
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behavioral consequence of stress |
strategies for coping blame, depression, catastrophic thinking, aggression, etc |
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terror mangement theory |
behavioral coping with stress knowing you will die makes you spend and do big things |
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conflicts leading to stress |
Approach-approach- choose btw two attractive goals Approach-avoidance- one goal has negative and positive aspects Avoidance-avoidance-choosing btw two unattractive options Double approachavoidance- two options have attraction and avoidance associated w it |
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James-Lange Theory of emotion |
emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. (physiological reactions happen before emotions) |
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Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion |
emotional and physiological reactions occur simultaneously |
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Schacter's two factor theory of emotion |
people label emotions according to the environmental stimulus and physiological cues |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
Diffused emotional state related to fear, less intense but longer duration symptoms: heart palpatations, tremors, sweating, shakes, rubbery leg cause: stress prognosis:good |
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OCD |
sympt: recurrent ideas, irresistable impulses cause: anxiety caused by stress, possibly genetics prognosis: good |
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conversion disorder |
symptoms: hysteric dysfunction (Can't work part of the body) with no organic basis, usually in an organ system cause: anxiety due to conflict or guilt prognosis: fair |
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dissociative identity disorder |
coexistence of two or more complete personalities in one person most psychiatrists don't think it's a real disorder role playing to save face for personal failures/caused by drama therapist intervention may worsen it |
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schizophrenia general symptoms |
delusions (false beliefs ) hallucinations failure to show emotional response inappropriate resounding |
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theories of schizophrenia |
psycho-social- lack of love, consistency, parental model biochemical/genetic explanation-more explained |
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positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
hallucinations, delusions, peculiar behavior |
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negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
flattened emotions, social withdrawal, no speaking |
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waxy flexibility |
psychomotor symptom of catatonic schizophrenia you move a persons arm and it stays there |
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vulnerability hypothesis of schizophrenia |
genes related to neural connections and neurotransmitters threshold event elicits the illness, for example head injury drug abuse starvation uterine developmental factors |
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positive symptoms of schizophrenia- dopamine hypothesis |
excess dopamine activity is the neurochemical basis of this disorder |
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amphetamine hypothesis schizophrenia |
small dose can bring out symptoms of schizophrenia |
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hypofrontality hypothesis of schizophrenia |
decreased blood flow in prefrontal cortex of the brain, leads to decreased frontal function and differing brain activity |
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major depressive disorder |
mood disorder recurring episodes |
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dysmithic disorder |
mood disorder lower grande, longer duration |
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bipolar disorder |
mood disorder manic episodes separated by severe depression |
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cyclothimic disorder |
mood disorder bipolarity over long period, more mild |
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seasonal effective disorder |
mood depressions mild depression in the winter |
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causes of depression |
genetics and neurotransmitter problems |
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neurotransmitter probs associated with depression NE DA SE |
noradrenaline deficiency- sluggishness dopamine defficiency- inability to enjoy self seratonin defficiency- world seems grey |
