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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do ecologists ask questions about events and organisms that range in complexity from an individual to the biosphere?
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To understand relationships within the biosphere
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What are the levels of organization?
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Species, Populations, Community, Ecosystems, Biome
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What is a species?
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A group of organisms so similar to another.
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Populations
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A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
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What is a community?
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Assemblies of different populations that live together in an area.
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What is an ecosystem?
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A collection of all the organisms that live in a place.
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What is a biome?
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A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities.
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What is at the core of every organism's interaction with the environment??
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Energy
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What source of energy do organisms use if they don't use the sun's energy?
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Energy stored in inorganic
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What are autotrophs?
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Organism that can produce its own food by capturing sun light.
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What is the main autotroph of land?
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plants
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What is the main autotroph of upper layers of an ocean?
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sea weed, algae
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What is the main autotroph of Tidal flats and salt marshes?
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bacteria
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What is chemosynthesis?
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organisms that use chemical energy to produce their food
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Where do bacteria that carry out chemosynthesis live??
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volcanic vents and deep ocean floors
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Heterotrophs are also called . . .
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consumers
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Plant and animal remains and other dead matter are collectively called. . .
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detritus
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What are the different types of heterotrophs?
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Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detrivore, decomposer
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Waht is a herbivore?
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eat plants eg. cows and rabbits
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Waht is an omnivore?
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eat plants and animals eg. humans, bears, crows
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What is a carnivore?
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heterotroph that eats animals eg. lion, tiger
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What is a detrivore?
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eats dead plants and animals eg. crabs and worms
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What is a decomposer?
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breaking down of organic matter eg. bacteria/ fungi
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Waht is a food web?
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steps which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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Waht is a food web?
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networks of complex interation formed by feeding relationships
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What are the 6 stages of the water cycle??
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transpiration, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, seepage, root uptake
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What is nitrogen fixation??
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bacteria in the soil and into roots plants convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
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What is dentrification?
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decomposers convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
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What force drives winds and ocean currents?
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the unequal heating of the Earth's surface
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What is the process in which water rises towards the surface in warmer regions is called. . .
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upwelling
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What is true about ocean currents??
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Patterns of heating and cooling result in ocean currents. Ocean currents transport heat within the biosphere. Surface water moved by winds results in ocean ccurrents. OCEAN CURRENTS HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE CLIMATE OF LANDMASSES
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What is a biotic factor??
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biological influence on organisms in an ecosystem
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What is an abiotic factor?
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physical, non- living factors
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What do biotic and abiotic factors determine?
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the survival and productivity of the ecosystem in which the organisms live
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what is a niche?
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a full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organisms and the way in which they live
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What are the 3 classes of symbiotic relationships?
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mutualism, commensalism, paritism
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What is mutualism?
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both benifit
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What is commensalism?
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one benefit, one unharmed
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What is parisitism?
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lives and harms the other organism
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What is ecological sucession?
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seires of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time
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What is primary sucession?
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on land, sucession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists
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the first species to populate an area when primary sucession begins are called. . .
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pioneer species
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When a disturbance changes a community w/o removing soil, what follows??
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secondary sucession
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What is a biome?
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a complex of terrestrial communities that covers a large area and is charecterized by soil, plants, animals and climate
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What is a microclimate?
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climate in a small area that differs frrom climates around it
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What is a coniferous tree
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seed bearing tree
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what is humus?
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material formed fromold leaves and other organic matter
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what is perma frost?
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a layer of permanently frozen sub soil
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What is an estuary?
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wetland forms where rivers meet the sea
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What are salt marshes?
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an estuary dominated by salt, tolerant grasses above the low tide
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