Pain Relief (Midterm Pt 3)

Front 1

A large molecular weight plasma protein that provides oncotic pressure

Back 1

Collouds

Front 2

Fluids that contain water and small molecular weight solutes such as NaCl and pass freely through vascular epithelium

Back 2

Crystaloids

Front 3

The end-tidal CO2 monitor

Back 3

Capnograph

Front 4

The average arterial blood pressure

( Diastolic + 1/3 (Systolic-Diastolic))

Back 4

MAP

Mean Arterial Pressure

Front 5

Estimates SpO2

Back 5

Puls Oximeter

Front 6

Detects of nervous system of potential tissue injury- Normal processing of stimuli that damage normal tissues

Back 6

Nociceptive Pain

Front 7

Pain resulting from injury of a nerve

Back 7

Neruopathic pain

Front 8

Pain that occurs after tissue injury

Back 8

Pathological Pain

Front 9

When neurons in the spinal cord become hyper excited and sensitive to low intensity stimuli that would not normally elect a pain response is called what?

Back 9

Wind up

Front 10

What are the 4 processes in the nociceptive pain pathway?

Back 10

1.Transduction- painful stimuli transfored to electrial signal

2. Transmission- sensory in pluses are conducted to spinal cord

3.Modulation- Sensory inputs are amplified or suppressed

4. Perception- impulses transmitted to the brain and processed and recognized

Front 11

A protective sensation of pain that occurs when there is no or minimal tissue injury

Back 11

Physiological pain

Front 12

Treatment with two or more types of medications targeting two or more types of receptors

Back 12

Multimodal Therapy

Front 13

What do glucocorticoids do in the arachidonic acid cascade?

Back 13

Block phospholipase

Front 14

What do NSAIDS do in the arachidonic acid cascade?

Back 14

Block cyclooxygenase

Front 15

Name some Glucocorticoid Sterids

(hint: end in -one)

Back 15

1. Prednisone

2. Prednisilone (in cats)

3.Methylprednisilone

4.Dexamethasone

5.Flumethazone

Front 16

What are the effects of steroids on hemogram?

Back 16

1.Lympopenia

2. Eosinophilia

3. Neutrophilia

4.Suppress T lymphocytes and WBC activity

Front 17

What effects do steroids have on the GI tract?

Back 17

Increase gastric HCL secretion and gastric mucous production

Front 18

List some of the effects of steriods

Back 18

1. Muscle atrophy, thin skin, protein breakdown, osteoporosis

2. PU/PD

3. Inhibits ADH / increase GFR

4.Gluconeogenesis

5.Premture parturition

Front 19

This enzyme is found in most tissues including stomach lining, GI tract, renal tissue and platelets

Back 19

COX-1

Front 20

This enzyme is involved more with inflammation

Back 20

COX-2

Front 21

What are some of the side effects of NSAIDS?

Back 21

1. Gastric ulceration and bleeding

2.Bone marrow suppression

3. Renal necrosis

4. Tendency to bleed

Front 22

List some of the COX-2 inhibitor drugs

Back 22

1. Meloxicam/Metacam

2. Deramax

3. Onsior

4.Equicox

5.Banamine

Front 23

Name a Cox-2 inhibitor with propionic acid

Back 23

Carprofan aka Rimadyl

Front 24

Name a drug in the Salicylate class

Back 24

Aspirin

Front 25

What is a Pyrazolone derivative banned in horses and dairy cattle but used in horses?

Back 25

Phenylbutazone (Bute)

Front 26

Which COX-2 inhibitors are approved to use in cats?

Back 26

1. Meloxicam/Metacam

2. Onsior

Front 27

Name a drug in the Glycosaminoglycan class

Back 27

Adequan

Front 28

Name a drug in the Glucosamine class

Back 28

Cosequin

Front 29

Which local anesthetic has a shorter onset, bupivican or lidocaine?

Back 29

Lidocaine

Front 30

Which local anesthetic has a longer duration of action, bupicicane or lidocaine?

Back 30

Bupivicaine

Front 31

What are the 4 types of dental nerve blocks?

Back 31

1. Infraorbital

2. Mandibular

3. Mental

4. Palentine

Front 32

How is malignant hypothermia treated in the pig (also known as Porcine Stress Syndrome)

Back 32

Stop anesthesia, give oxygen, administer Dantrolene

Front 33

What drug is used to stimulate respiration in neonates?

Back 33

Doxapram/Dopram

Front 34

Why do we taper steroids?

Back 34

Due to the negative feedback system- since the body makes cortisol if given it, will shut down production and the body needs time to catch up and begin producing it again once administration stops

Front 35

Why do cats need prednisilone?

Back 35

Because cats do not have the ability to convert prednisone to prednisilone in the liver

Front 36

What enzyme do cats lack when it comes to metabolizing drugs?

Back 36

Glucuronyl transferase

Front 37

List some drugs that are classified as Antihistamines

Back 37

1. Zyrtec

2. Benadryl

3.Temaril

4. Claritin

5.Atarax

Front 38

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

Back 38

1. Drowsiness

2. Dry MM

3. Stimulation of CNS if given in high doses

Front 39

What are the names of the 2 histamine receptors and what do they do?

Back 39

H1- constrict extravascular smooth muscle

H2- increase gastric secretions