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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which NSAID is comparable to moderate opioid doses and can be used for managing post-operative pain?
Ketorolac
What are the common opioid antagonists that can be used to reverse opioid overdose?
Naloxone (Narcan)
Naltrexone (ReVia)
Administration of exogenous opioids ________ the release of endogenous opioids.
promotes
What are the three receptor types to which analgesic agents can attach?
Mu
Delta
Kappa
What are the physiological effects produced when an analgesic agent attaches to a Mu receptor?
Analgesia
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Physiological dependence
Opioid analgesics mostly attach to ____ receptors.
Mu
What are the physiological effects produced when an analgesic agent attaches to a Delta or Kappa receptor?
Spinal analgesia
In order to inhibit sensory (pain) input from the periphery, opioid analgesics must attach to spinal cord receptors in the ________.
dorsal horn
What are some disadvantages of opioid analgesics?
Tolerance
Physical Dependence/Withdrawal
What are some symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
vomiting, diarrhea, hyperventilation, anxiety, muscular aches, chills, rhinorrhea, lacrimation
What are some common anti-tussive agents?
Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Delsym
Substance P may play a role in the propagation of _______ pain.
visceral
What are the most potent prostaglandins to produce hyperalgesia?
PGE1
PGE2
PGF2a
What is characteristic of ALL opioid analgesics?
Respiratory depression (reduced response to carbon dioxide challenge)
What are the GI effects of opioid analgesics?
constipation
delay of fecal passage
promotion of water reabsorption
What are some adverse effects associated with Pentazocine?
increased intracranial pressure
hypotensive states
constipation
urinary retention
itching
Propoxyphene is unsuitable for the management of severe pain. True or False?
True
Which opioid agonist can only be administered orally?
Propoxyphene
Which opioid agonists have the lowest max efficacy?
propoxyphene
pentazocine
nalbuphine
buprenorphine
Which anti-tussive must be used with caution in patients taking MAO inhibitors?
Dextromethorphan
Naloxone and Naltrexone are considered pure _____ ___________.
opioid antagonists
What is the major clinical application for Naloxone?
acute opioid overdose
Which pure opioid antagonist is used clinically as a maintenance treatment for addicts?
Naltrexone (ReVia)
Opioid analgesics are most effective in managing ______, _______ pain.
severe, constant
Which alpha2 agonist may be useful in pain management?
Clonidine
The addition of stimulants (ie amphetamines) ________ opioid analgesic effects.
enhance
Which opioid agonist relieves dyspnea secondary to pulmonary edema?
IV Morphine
What is the most successful opioid for transdermal (patch) use?
Fentanyl
What ocular observation can be made quickly to obtain an opioid overdose diagnosis?
miosis
Which opioid agonist is useful for detoxification/maintenance of heroin addicts?
Methadone (Dolophine)