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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which NSAID is comparable to moderate opioid doses and can be used for managing post-operative pain?
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Ketorolac
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What are the common opioid antagonists that can be used to reverse opioid overdose?
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Naloxone (Narcan)
Naltrexone (ReVia) |
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Administration of exogenous opioids ________ the release of endogenous opioids.
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promotes
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What are the three receptor types to which analgesic agents can attach?
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Mu
Delta Kappa |
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What are the physiological effects produced when an analgesic agent attaches to a Mu receptor?
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Analgesia
Euphoria Respiratory depression Physiological dependence |
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Opioid analgesics mostly attach to ____ receptors.
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Mu
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What are the physiological effects produced when an analgesic agent attaches to a Delta or Kappa receptor?
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Spinal analgesia
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In order to inhibit sensory (pain) input from the periphery, opioid analgesics must attach to spinal cord receptors in the ________.
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dorsal horn
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What are some disadvantages of opioid analgesics?
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Tolerance
Physical Dependence/Withdrawal |
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What are some symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
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vomiting, diarrhea, hyperventilation, anxiety, muscular aches, chills, rhinorrhea, lacrimation
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What are some common anti-tussive agents?
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Codeine
Dextromethorphan Delsym |
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Substance P may play a role in the propagation of _______ pain.
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visceral
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What are the most potent prostaglandins to produce hyperalgesia?
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PGE1
PGE2 PGF2a |
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What is characteristic of ALL opioid analgesics?
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Respiratory depression (reduced response to carbon dioxide challenge)
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What are the GI effects of opioid analgesics?
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constipation
delay of fecal passage promotion of water reabsorption |
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What are some adverse effects associated with Pentazocine?
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increased intracranial pressure
hypotensive states constipation urinary retention itching |
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Propoxyphene is unsuitable for the management of severe pain. True or False?
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True
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Which opioid agonist can only be administered orally?
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Propoxyphene
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Which opioid agonists have the lowest max efficacy?
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propoxyphene
pentazocine nalbuphine buprenorphine |
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Which anti-tussive must be used with caution in patients taking MAO inhibitors?
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Dextromethorphan
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Naloxone and Naltrexone are considered pure _____ ___________.
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opioid antagonists
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What is the major clinical application for Naloxone?
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acute opioid overdose
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Which pure opioid antagonist is used clinically as a maintenance treatment for addicts?
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Naltrexone (ReVia)
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Opioid analgesics are most effective in managing ______, _______ pain.
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severe, constant
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Which alpha2 agonist may be useful in pain management?
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Clonidine
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The addition of stimulants (ie amphetamines) ________ opioid analgesic effects.
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enhance
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Which opioid agonist relieves dyspnea secondary to pulmonary edema?
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IV Morphine
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What is the most successful opioid for transdermal (patch) use?
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Fentanyl
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What ocular observation can be made quickly to obtain an opioid overdose diagnosis?
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miosis
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Which opioid agonist is useful for detoxification/maintenance of heroin addicts?
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Methadone (Dolophine)
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