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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measurement of Pain in Children
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Self-report
Behavioral Physiologic |
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Infants under 6 months of age
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Do not express anticipatory fear of a painful procedure
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6-18 month old children
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Begin to develop fear of painful experiences and withdraw when pain is anticipated
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18-24 months old children
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Express pain with words such as “hurt” or boo boo”
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3-4 year old children
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Begin to localize pain and identify external causes
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5-7 year old children
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Improve understanding of pain, ability to localize and cooperate
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Adolescent aged children
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Able to qualify/quantify pain and develop cognitive coping strategies that may help diminish pain
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Pain treatment goals
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1. Minimize physical pain and discomfort
2. Alleviate anxiety 3. Prevent potentially deleterious physiologic responses due to pain |
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Non-Pharmacologic Pain Treatment
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Distraction * Relaxation * Guided imagery * Positive Self-Talk
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Topical anesthetic creams
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EMLA
TAC LET |
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EMLA cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic)
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Apply 60-90 minutes before procedure by placing cream on site and covering with an occlusive dressing
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LET (Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Tetracaine)
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Gel applied 20-30 minutes before procedure
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TAC (Tetracaine, Adrenaline, Cocaine)
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Gel or liquid take effect in 10 minutes
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Pharmacologic Pain Administration routes
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Oral;Trandermal;Intramuscular; Intravenous;Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
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Demerol
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NOT used in pediatric because of high incidence of adverse reactions
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Biophysical interventions
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Sucking; Swaddling; Holding; Rocking; Positioning
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Drug Tolerance
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need for larger dose of opioid to maintain original effect.
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Physical dependence
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withdrawal symptoms when chronic use of opioid is discontinued or opioid antagonist (Narcan) is given.
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Narcotic Addiction
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Characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior
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QUESTT Assessment
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Question the child.
Use pain rating scales. Evaluate behavior and physiologic changes. Secure parents' involvement. Take cause of pain into account. Take action and evaluate results. |
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Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
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Can be used in children as young as age 3 years
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FLACC Scale
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used in pre-verbal or nonverbal children
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What does FLACC stand for?
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Faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability
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