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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Serious Problem in U.S.
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Under treatment of pain
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5th vital sign
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Pain
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SLIDTA
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Severity/intensity - pain scale, Location, Influencing Factors, Duration, Type, Associated Factors
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Children Scale
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FACES
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Facial expressions that express pain
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Grimacing, wrinkled forhead
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Body Movements for Pain
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Restlessness, pacing, guarding
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Other Indicators for Pain
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Moaning, crying, decreased attention span
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Physiological Measures for Pain
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BP, Pulse, RR (will be temp. increased by pain)
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Derivative of Pain Awareness
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Brain
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Factors that Influence Perception of Pain
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Thoughts and Emotions (Fatigue, Fear/Anxiety, Lack of Knowledge, Cognitive Function
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Other Factors that Influence Pain Perecention
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Culture, Values, Beliefs (some cultures are against acknowledging pain), and Age
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Pain Threshold
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Lowest intensity of stimulus that causes a person to recognize pain (Adaptation can occur)
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Nociceptive Pain
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typical processing of stimuli that has damaged normal tissues
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Somatic
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coming from bone, muscle, skin or connective tissues
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Visceral
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coming from internal organs
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Cutaneous
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coming from the skin or subcutaneous tissue
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Neuropathic pain
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atypical processing of stimuli by the peripheral or central nervous system, usually intense and described as "pins and needles"
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Adjuvant Medications
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Used in response to neuropathic medications, they include; antidepressants, antipasmodics, and muscle relaxants
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Nonpharmacologic Relief Measures
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Patient teaching, Distraction, humor, music, imagery, relaxation techniqes, cutaneous stimulation (massage, heat/cold application, Transcutaneous Electrical Simulation, accupressure), accupuncture, hynosis, biofeedback, therapeutic touch (not touching)
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Nonopiod analgesics
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NSAIDs (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), ASA (tylenol) - they are used for mild to moderate pain 4g/day
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Opioids
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Used for moderate to severe pain
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Adjuvant drugs
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(anticonvulsions, antidepressants) - enhance the effects of nonopioids and work well for neuropathic pain
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Types of Opioids
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Morphine, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone
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Side Effects of Opioids
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Sedation, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression
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Narcan
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opioid antagonist (used in cases of overdose)
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Opioid Myths
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Difference between physical dependence, addition and tolerance
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OASS
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Observe Assessment of Alertness and Sedation
(0 to 5) (0 - no response to noxious stimuli) - (5 - alert response to name in spoken normal tones) |
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Sedation Scale
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Four point scale used for patients receiving opioids
(1 - Awake and alert, no action necessary) - 4 (Somnolent, with minimal or no response to stimulus. D/C Opioid) |
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Epidural Anagesia
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A catheter is implanted into the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord. Medication interacts directly with pain receptors on spinal cord. Reduces the pain without the more serious sedative effects of parenteral or oral narcotics
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PCA
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Patient Controlled Analgesia - patient pusheds button to get a preset demand dose of medication, lockout interval every 10 to 15 minutes
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Side effects of Epidural Anagesia
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Hypotension, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting, infection, pruritis
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Insomnia
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the most common of all sleep disorders. People with depression are more likely to experience insomnia.
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Sleep apnea
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absence of breathing between snoring intervals. Most common in middle-age men who are obese and have short thick necks
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Sleep deprivation
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manifestations include irritability and impaired mental abilities to altered personality
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Narcolepsy
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A neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable desire to sleep
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