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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much insulin do most diabetics take
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1 unit/kg/day
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Glucose sensitivity calculation
Insulin sensitivity calculation |
Gluc: y = 0.12 x wt (kg)
Ins = y/7 |
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Insulin effects on potassium
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Insulin forces K into cells
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DKA
Mechanism K, Na, gluc, pH Symptoms, Mx |
↓insulin →↑BM → ↑gluc in urine ∴ ↑Na + K lost in urine also
BUT ↑K ∵ H/K transport + ↓H to try and correct acidosis ∴ K: ↑/N ↓Na ↑gluc ↓pH Polyuria ∴ reactionary polydipsia Mx: 0.05-0.1 units/kh/hr insulin infusion Must ↓BM slowly |
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Types Features Mineralocorticoid + androgen levels Mx |
Deficiencies in: 21, 17, 11-hydroxylase
Ambiguous genitalia ↑ACTH → diffuse skin pigmentation 11: ↑mineralocorticoids, ↑androgens 17: ↑mineralocorticoids, ↓androgens 21: ↓mineralocorticoids, ↑androgens |
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Precocious puberty
Criteria Central/pseudo types |
♂ <9 yrs testes >4ml
♀ <8 yrs, breast but development Central: Early activation of gonadal HPA ∴ ↑FSH + ↑LH Pseudo: Excess sex hormone ∴ ↓FSH + ↓LH |
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Delayed puberty
Criteria |
♂ >14
♀ >13 |
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Height potential calculation
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♂/♀ = [Fathers height (cm) + mothers height (cm)] / 2 ± 7
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Hereditary spherocytosis
Cause, Mx |
↓Ankyrin + spectrin
RBC membrane proteins Mx: Folic acid Splenectomy (+ Abx cover as a result) |
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β Thalassaemia major
Features Hb types ↑/↓ Mx |
Frontal bossing + maxillary overgrowth
Hepatosplenomegaly ↑HbF + ↑HbA2 ∵ contains no β chains Mx: regular transfusions |
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Warfarin effects
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WEPT
Warfarin affects extrinsic pathway which affects PT |
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Retinoblastoma
Genotype, O/E, Mx, Px |
Chr13 LoF tumour suppressor gene
Ø red reflex – leukokoria Strabismus Mx: enucleation, R/T, chemo etc Px: >90% survival |
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You suspect child abuse/neglect
Who do you notify |
Esclate to senior member of staff
Refer to social services NOT police SS will contact police if required, always go through SS even if immediate issue |
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Histamine
Causes what effects |
Vasodilation
Tachycardia ↓BP GIT + laryngeal oedema |
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LMN + UMN
Which spares forehead |
LMN: after joining ∴ forehead affected
UMN: before joining ∴ forehead spared |
