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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors affect growth of a child prenatally? |
Maternal Factors: smoking, BP Chromosomal factors Intrauterine factors Endocrine factors |
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What are the two main factors affecting growth in infancy? |
Nutrition and Growth Hormone |
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What are the two main factors affecting growth in childhood? |
Growth hormone and thyroxine |
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What are the two main factors affecting pubertal growth? |
Sex steroids and Growth hormone |
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What is the definition of short stature? |
Height <2sd below the mean for age |
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What are the causes of short stature? |
Non-pathogenic: familial, constitutional delay, nutritional Pregnancy: IUGR Systemic: CHD, renal failure, CF, IBD, anorexia Genetic: Turners, Noonans, Downs Endocrine: GH, hypothyroidism, CAH, cushings |
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What is the target, or mid-parental height? |
Height of mother + Height of father divided by 2 for girls -7 for boys +7 |
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How is height velocity calculated? |
Height 2nd visit - Height 1st visit divided by Age 2nd visit - Age 1st visit |
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How would you describe 20th centile to a parent? |
"If we lined up 100 boys who were born on the same day, and stood them from shortest to tallest, your son would be 20th down the line, with 19 shorter than him and 80 taller" |
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What investigations might you consider in a child with reduced growth? |
Bone Age Karyotype TFT GH stimulation Coeliac screen |
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What are the characteristic features of Turners Syndrome? |
45X0 - ear malformations - micrognathia - aortic coarctation - ovarian failure - short stature - webbed neck - wide-spaced nipples |
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What are the characteristic features of Noonan Syndrome? |
Ras mutation (50% PTPN11 gene) - Pulmonary valve stenosis - Pectus carinatum/excavatum - Coagulopathy - Cognitive/learning disabilities - Arnold-Chiari malformation - Broad high forehead - hypertelorism |
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What are the first pubertal signs in boys and girls? |
Tanner staging: Girls = develop breast buds Boys = testicular enlargement |
