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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Packaging course suggested by
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John Hannah
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Fraternity
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Pi Kappa Gamma
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"Marketing"
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promotion of products, especially advertising and branding
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Four P's of Packaging
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Product
Pricing Promotion Placement |
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Four basic functions of a package
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Containment
Protection Communication Utility/Convenience |
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Containment
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ability to hold
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Protection
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maintaining integrity
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Communications
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conveying information
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Utility/convenience
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utility: function and performance
convenience: ease of use |
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Glass
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inorganic
non-crystalline brittle |
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Advantages of Glass
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moderate cost
low viscosity durable strong non-permeable |
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Disadvantages of Glass
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heavy
costly equipment breakable |
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Glass Composition (highest to lowest)
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sand
silica lime alumina |
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cullet
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recycled container glass or waste glass
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Press and Blow Molding
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two molds (blank and blow)
forms containers with wide necks (jars and cups) |
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Blow and Blow Molding
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two molds (blank and blow)
containers with narrow necks (bottles) done with compressed air, no assistance of plunger |
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annealing
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process to relieve stresses
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Durant
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1810
English tin canister top and bottom soldered |
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Borden
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canned condensed milk
1850 |
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Advantages of metal
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highest temperature tolerance
highest strength durable excellent barrier |
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Three-piece can
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top, bottom, body
can of beans |
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Two-piece can
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top and combined body & bottom
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Draw Process (Shallow Draw)
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cans whose height is less than diameter (i.e. tuna can)
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Draw-Redraw Process
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cans with height equal to or larger than the diameter
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Draw and Iron Process
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most pop cans
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305 x 314 = ?
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3 5/16" x 3 14/16"
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Advantages of Cans
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inexpensive
thermally stable easy to process readily recycled barrier to gas, moisture, and light |
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Injection Blow Molding
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large quantities of bottles
compatible to ALL PLASTIC BOTTLE RESINS no handles |
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Injection Stretch Blow Molding
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different times and different places
PET |
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Extrusion Blow Molding
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most versatile
HANDLES |
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Thermoplastics
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re-heatable and reformable
recyclable |
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Thermoset Plastics
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permanent shape and dimensions
non-recyclable |
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Raw Materials for Plastics
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petroleum
natural gas organic chemicals |
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PET
1 |
polyethylene terephthalate (polyester)
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HDPE
2 |
high density polyethylene
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PVC
3 |
polyvinyl chloride
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LDPE
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low density polyethylene
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PP
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polypropylene
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PS
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polystyrene
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FDA
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Food and Drug Administration
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USDA
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US Department of Agriculture
milk, meat, poultry, eggs |
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USDOC
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US Department of Commerce
fish and seafood |
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Appert
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French
developed canning process for Napoleon's 12,000 francs |
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Kensett
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Brought knowledge of canning to U.S.
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tamper evident label
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NOT required for food packaging
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Distribution Environment =
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product + package
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Damage occurs when:
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product + package < distribution environment
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higher packaging costs occur when:
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product + package > distribution environment
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Sequential design approach
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product development, production, package, design, warehousing, distribution
CANNOT build efficient systems |
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First paper made
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200 AD
China |
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Fourdrinier Process
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1799
Frenchman Nicholas L. Robert |
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Cylinder Process
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1809
John Dickinson wire-covered cylinder revolving in a vat filled with pulp |
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First American paper mill
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1690
Germantown, Pennsylvania 100 lb/day |
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Wood consists of:
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50% cellulose (DESIRED)
30% lignin (adhesive, undesired) 20% carbohydrates (unesired) |
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Slurry
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mixture of about 97% water and 3% solids
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Process without a headbox:
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Cylinder Process
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Single Face Corrugated
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1 face
1 medium flexible |
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Single Wall Corrugated (Double Face)
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2 facings
1 medium most common |
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Double Wall Corrugated
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3 facings
2 mediums heavy items |
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Triple Wall Corrugated
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4 facings
3 mediums substitute for wood |
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A Flute
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excellent cushion
poor printing surface thick |
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B Flute
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correction for A flute
good printing surface |
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C Flute
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most common
good stacking strength |
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E Flute
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smallest flute
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ethical medications
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prescription drugs
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proprietary medications
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over the counter drugs
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Most critical function of pharmaceuticals
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protection
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Invention of aerosol pressurized containers
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Rotheim (Norwegian)
liquid ski wax |
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Single Phase Aerosol
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miscible
FOOD 100 psi often does not empty container |
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Two Phase Aerosol (Emulsion)
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liquid phase contains product
vapor phase 75-92.5% of space occupied in can 95% of product delivered 40 psi liquid changes to gas |
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Three Phase Aerosol
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immiscible
gas propellant, liquid propellant, product relatively constant pressure |
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Compressed Gases
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carbon dioxide
nitrous oxide non-flammable CANNOT be used with liquid products |
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Hydrofluorocarbons
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HCFC's
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CFC's
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non-flammable
environmentally hazardous vapor pressure maintained |
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Hydrocarbons
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replaced CFC's
affordable highly flammable |
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Captive Propellant Aerosol
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propellant and product separate
two types collapsible inner bag shaving cream |
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Lead Tubes
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cheapest
non-food/pharmaceutical rarely used (toxic) |
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Tin Tubes
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most expensive
non-reactive |
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Aluminum Tubes
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most common metal tube
non-reactive easiest to print |
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Advantages of Metal Tubes
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collapse when squeezed
controlled dispensing no suck back |
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Plastic Tubes
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suck back
non-collapsible extrusions |
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School of Packaging
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listed as one of Dr. John Hannah's 10 greatest accomplishments
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James Goff
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instructor of school of packaging
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