Pac 101 Final Exam

Front 1

What are the three general levels of spaced?

Back 1

1) Low: below the knees
2) Medium: Below shoulders and above knees
3) High: above the shoulders

Front 2

Shape can be changed/affected by (3 things)

Back 2

-by changing shape of bodies
-by adding an implement
-and is affected by the rules of the game

Front 3

General Space is described as...

Back 3

The space outside personal space that a person can move through

Front 4

What restricts general space?

Back 4

-restricted by the rules of the game or physical structures

Front 5

General space can be divided into 3 sections...

Back 5

low
medium and high

Front 6

Where would you want to be to score a goal?

Back 6

High priority space

Front 7

Not all spaces is of the same strategic value. What are these two different priority spaces?

Back 7

High and low priority space

Front 8

Concerning high priority space: Offense attempts to ________ to this space, while defense attempts to _______of opposition to this space

Back 8

gain access
restrict access

Front 9

What is the high priority space called for hockey?

Back 9

The slot

Front 10

What is the high priority space called for squash?

Back 10

The "T"

Front 11

What is the high priority performance space called for curling?

Back 11

The Button

Front 12

The space toward which is is the most ideal to aim at in a scoring action?

Back 12

The high priority target space

Front 13

While concerning the high priority target space:

the space aimed at has...

Back 13

The largest margin of error when attempting to score

Front 14

Because there are constant changes in a game, space priority dynamics depends on these three main points

Back 14

1) Effectiveness of use
2) Location of the object or attack
3) Stage or aspect of the game

Front 15

What is the sphere of influence?

Back 15

-3 dimensional area a person can move in time to receive, intercept, or contact a moving object or person

Front 16

Sphere of influence is affected by these 5 things

Back 16

1) The physical state of the person

2) The speed of that person

3) The agility of that person

4) The anticipation of that person

5) The time available to complete the movement of the object/person being interacted with

Front 17

Concerning spheres of influence:
A big sphere means?
A small sphere means?
An oval sphere could mean?

Back 17

-faster, agility, anticipation
-slower, hardly any anticipation or agility
-lateral ability

Front 18

Offensively, we attempt to utilize___________ within general space restrictions

Back 18

-as mush space as possible

Front 19

Defensively we tend to utilize general space restriction to assist in _______

Back 19

closing down space

Front 20

Defensively we attempt the ____ of the opponent's personal space

Back 20

invasion

Front 21

Offensive we attempt to ________ to advantage

Back 21

open personal space

Front 22

Individual tactics that may be employed to open personal space are as follows (three things and their examples):

Back 22

1- Direction or change of direction
- move away from defense ( open up personal space)
- quick change of direction

2 - Speed or change of speed
-move faster
-speed up or slow down quickly

3 - Deception
-fake in one direction and move in another

Front 23

Individual tactics that may be employed to open personal space include...

Back 23

!) Position
-putting yourself between defender snf you useful personal space

-settling down into a gap in def. coverage

Front 24

defensively we attempt to minimize the ____ of useful open spaces available to the offense.

Ex?

Back 24

size
ex) cutting down the angle in soccer, person in goalie net can move forward to decrease personal space

ex) 3 person block in volleyball: significantly decreasing spaces available

Front 25

Offensively we attempt to ____ the size of useful open spaces

Back 25

maximize

Front 26

the way we go about minimizing the opponent's personal space in defense is largely determined by opponent ________

Back 26

tendency

Front 27

Offensively we attempt to influence the defense to ________ useful open spaces as possible.

example in volleyball?baseball? Hocley?

Back 27

-leave as many

ex) Volleyball shoot net. having one open space, and then opening up 2 open spaces
ex) baseball, spray hitter

ex) hockey, raising the puck

Front 28

Defensively we attempt to close_____ priority spaces while conceding space in ____ priority areas

examples?

Back 28

high, low
examples: in volleyball that is most blocking patterns, in curling its taking away access to the button, in hockey its penalty kill formation

Front 29

Offensively we attempt to cause the opening of ________ spaces

give examples in vball, curling, and hockey

Back 29

high priority spaces

example include volleyball attack, Gretsky's home (back of net), and football bootleg

Front 30

Defensively we attempt to close spaces as ____ ___ ____.

You also want a good _____ position. And in general space having good _______.

Back 30

soon as possible, starting position, technique

Front 31

Sphere of influence is very important in this concept

Back 31

Closing down spaces as soon as possible in defensive play

Ex) quick attack in v-ball, the attack affects sphere and reduces it because of rxn time.

Front 32

Offensively we attempt to open spaces that are ____ __ _____. or, if closed, will be closed to the ______ _______.

Examples?

Back 32

difficult to close, offensive advantage

ex) screen play in football and pick and roll in bball

Front 33

What is "Aesthetics"?

Back 33

Is the study of beauty and judgment of beauty

Front 34

Movement elements are _______ of the aesthetic composition

Back 34

ingredients

Front 35

"To understand the elements and the role of each in the makeup of movement helps us to analyze, synthesize and manipulate movement intelligently for what ever purpose we desire."

Back 35

D.J. Harris

Front 36

Structural considerations that are included in aesthetic movements of the human body are (5):

Back 36

1) Bases- feet, hands, seat etc
2)Joint actions- flex, extend, rotate
3)Body parts- in isolation or combined
4) Shapes-symm/asym, round, long etc
5)Locomotion- pedal, non-pedal

Front 37

Movement elements of time
four of them

Back 37

1) Timing- as related to an optimal point in time for an event to take place. unison or sequence

2) Tempo-how fast or slow

3) Duration- how long or short a period of time

4) Rhythm- a repeatable sequence of time intervals of designated ratio 4/4 (foxtrot), 3/4 (waltz)

Front 38

Movement elements of force
(4)

Back 38

1) Swing quality: is pendular rotation about a fixed point and is affected by gravity and momentum

2) Sustained quality: the duration of movement

3) Percussive quality: rate of increase and decrease of force application and the magnitude of the force ex) staccato, vibratory

4) Collapsing quality: the rate of loss of force application

Front 39

What are all the aesthetic movement concepts (8)

Back 39

1) Direction
2) facing
3) Levels
4) Dimension
5) Perspective
6) Focus
7) Shapes
8) Relationships

Front 40

4 directions of motion in dance

Back 40

1) Motion forward: implies presentation, progress

2) Motion backward: implies regression and retreat

3) Motion sideways: implies shifting or facilitating

4) Motion diagonal: implies gradual growth or retreat

Front 41

The path of footprints used by dancers on the floor id called?

Back 41

A floor pattern

Front 42

A floor pattern helps to show what?

Back 42

shows the audience the statement that you are trying to make with your movement

Front 43

A floor plan shows the journey a performer makes and generally includes the following (3 journeys)

Back 43

1) Journeys that end where they began
2) Journeys that end somewhere
3) Journeys that do not end and seem to continue

Front 44

Direct movement can...

Back 44

can imply a greater sense of control, purpose and direction than indirect motion

Front 45

Indirect patterns can...

Back 45

imply stealth, insecurity, indecision, indifference

Front 46

Refers to the direction the front of the body is pointing

Back 46

Direction of facing, which affects the message being portrayed

Front 47

What are the levels in dancing? (3)

Back 47

>Low- below knees (implies being rooted)
> Medium: above knees and below head
> High: above head (implies escape from gravity)

Front 48

Changes in level require more ______

Back 48

energy

Front 49

Dimension of dance has three priciples

Back 49

1) Dimension is the relative size of the body, or space the body occupies on stage

2) Perception of dimension will be relative to other spacial cues

3) dimension requires variety to be effective

Front 50

Perspective of dance depends on two things

Back 50

- The location of the dancers on the stage
- the position of the audience

ex) intimate/remote, balanced/unbalanced, toward/away

Front 51

Two types of focus in dancing

Back 51

Direct (intimacy?) and indirect (celestial contemplation?)

Front 52

Refers to the form your body takes in space

Back 52

Shape

Front 53

The shape of your body can be used to illustrate _____ acting on the body

Back 53

forces

Front 54

Symmetry of shape can be used to illustrate ____

Back 54

balance

Front 55

Asymmetry can imply...

Back 55

that the performer is struggling with forces acting on the body

Front 56

What are the 4 different relationships in dance?

Back 56

Distant- beyond 3m
intimate-skin to 30 cm
social - 1-3m
Personal - 30 cm

Front 57

what are the principles of composition in dance? (7)

Back 57

Contrast
Repetition
Transition
Variation
Development
Climax
resolution

Front 58

These are important in "telling a story" during a dance

These principles help the choreographer to compose aesthetic movement composures

Back 58

Principles of composition

Front 59

Contrasts between physical movements helps to emphasize what?

Back 59

A difference or range
ex) hot-cold
fast-slow
fight-flight

Front 60

What type of dance is a good representation of repetition?

Back 60

tap dance

Front 61

repeating movements helps to tie parts together or create a sense of _______

Back 61

stability and harmony

Front 62

different things you can repeat in a dance (5)

Back 62

diff body part
diff facing
diff speed
diff level
diff force

Front 63

The purpose of transition is to help ______

And is important in creating a sense of ______

Back 63

tie the event, flow

Front 64

A figure skater who is really good at transitioning

Back 64

Kirk Browning

Front 65

A figure skater who is a good representation of developing climax at the end of his routines

Back 65

Elvis stoico

Front 66

Development is about ______ the story, painting the picture, causing emotions or creating the sensations

Back 66

building

Front 67

The climax is an aesthetic physical activity, the point when "an____________is reached"

Back 67

apex of energy

Front 68

Resolution is the _____ , feeling sensation or mood that the creator want the audience to be left with

Back 68

final image

Front 69

Circular motion or rotation about an imaginary line, called an _____ __ _____

Back 69

axis of rotation

Front 70

How fast a body is rotating about an axis is referred to as _____ ______

Back 70

angular velocity

Front 71

Force has 4 different components.

Back 71

1) Magnitude
2) Direction
3) Point of application
4) Line of action

Front 72

How is angular motion produced? Also called Torque.

Back 72

Angular motion of a body produced or changed if force is applied that does not go through the axis of rotation

Front 73

What is moment of inertia?

Back 73

A bodies resistance to change in its angular motion

Front 74

The moment of inertia of the body is dependent on 2 things.

Back 74

The mass of the body
The distribution of the mass about the axis of rotation

( The further from the axis is harder to swing a bat, and the heavier the bat, the harder it is to swing as well)

Front 75

The further away from the axis of rotation = the harder it is to ____

Back 75

rotate

Front 76

The greater the angular momentum on the body, the greater ____ _____

Back 76

rotational stability
ex) greater spin = greater stability, like riding a bike and throwing a football with good spin.

Front 77

momentum of inertia (times) the Angular Momentum =

Back 77

constant

Front 78

The human body can adjust its moment of inertia using...

Back 78

internal muscle forces

Front 79

A system will maintain its total quantity of angular momentum until acted upon by an _______ _______ not acting through the axis

Back 79

external force

Front 80

With a constant angular momentum:
If moment of inertia decreases, angular velocity will _______

Back 80

increase

Front 81

Concerning transfer of Angular momentum:

When one body or body part is slowed down rapidly the adjoining part _______

Back 81

speeds up

EX) golf swing, transfers from the trunt, to the arm, to forearm etc

Front 82

The greater the distane from the axis of rotation the _____ the linear velocity with the _____ angular velocity

Back 82

greater, same

Front 83

The amount of buoyant force acting on the body depends on the amount of __________

Back 83

weight force

Front 84

when the buoyant force is greater than the weight force a body will ______

Back 84

float

Front 85

(Blank) affects buoyancy

Back 85

Lung capacity, and the density of the different parts of the body

Front 86

What is the center of buoyancy?

Back 86

the position where the upward buoyant force acts on the body

Front 87

The center of buoyancy acts in conjunction with the location of the center of mass of the body to determine __________

Back 87

Floating position

Front 88

The center of buoyancy works in conjunction with the ____ ___ ___ of the body to determine floating position

Back 88

center of mass

Front 89

What are drag/resistance forces?

Back 89

resistive forces in the air and water that act in the opposite direction of the movement

Front 90

What are the two things that affect the air force/drag?

Back 90

The shape of the body
The texture of its surface

Front 91

The more ____ the trailing edge the greater the drag

Back 91

abrupt

Front 92

The ______ the surface the greater the drag except id fluid is channeled along its surface

Back 92

rougher

Front 93

The drag force in swimming is primarily affected by the size of the ___ _____ facing the flow

Back 93

frontal area

Front 94

In swimming _______ can also affect this frontal area

Back 94

technique

Front 95

Paddling

Back 95

a force to pull against,which acts as a forwards on the body, moving backwards through the water

Front 96

When water or air past one surface of a body faster than the opposite surface a force called ______ is applied to the body __________ to the direction of the velocity

Back 96

lift, perpendicular

Front 97

Sculling

Back 97

-creates a lift force as well as a drag force to pull against
-helps orient and move in the water

Front 98

The normally relatively low ____ _____ produced on ice must be dealt with to permit effective and efficient movement.

Back 98

friction forces

Front 99

Broomball shoes are specially designed to ______ the friction with the ice so there is less slipping.

Back 99

increase

Front 100

special ice ______ are strapped onto climbing boots to prevent climbers from slipping

Back 100

crampons

Front 101

What type of sport is most efficient in moving one ice, and why?

Back 101

Skating, because it allows the athlete to take advantage of the sliding possibilities while still producing friction as required

Front 102

Why is a clap skate effective?

Back 102

creates a pivot that changes the orientation and slays flat on the ice so as to not waste any energy like you would with normal skates. ( produces friction when not oriented)

Front 103

What makes short track speed skated effective?

Back 103

They are offset to the inside of the track to allow the athletes to lean in further for sharp turns

Front 104

For skiing, one of the most important considerations is _______

Back 104

friction

Front 105

In skiing, friction is manipulated with the use of _____

Back 105

waxes, they act to either increase or decrease the friction on the skis

Front 106

What feature of the ski affects the ability to turn in the snow?

Back 106

The shape of the ski

Front 107

It is harder to produce turns with ______ skis than those that have a ________ shape

Back 107

straight, parabolic (controls amount of curve)