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199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Above/below iliopectineal line: true/false?
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above - false
below - true |
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Posterior boundary of pelvis
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piriformis muscle
lumbosacral plexus |
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Lateral boundary of pelvis
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obturator internus
obturatur n,v,a |
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Floor of pelvis
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pelvic diaphragm
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Muscles of pelvic diaphragm and innervation
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coccygeus - S4
levator ani - S3-S4 |
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Kegel exercise for what muscle
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levator ani muscles
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What are the 2 levator ani muscles?
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pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus |
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Superior gluteal n. innervates what? Roots?
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gluteus medius
L4, L5, S1 |
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Inferior gluteal n. innervates what? Roots?
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gluteus maximus
L5, S1, S2 |
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Sciatic nerve made of what 2 nerves? Roots?
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common peroneal n.
tibial n. L4-L5, S1-S3 |
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Gluteus medius innervation
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superior gluteal n.
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Gluteus maximus innervation
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inferior gluteal n.
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Pudendal n. roots
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S2-S4
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Posterior femoral cutaneous n. roots
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S1-S3
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Upper 1/2 of rectum: artery, vein, afferents, lymphatics
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superior rectal a.
superior rectal v. autonomic (S2-S4) inferior mesenteric nodes |
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Lower 1/2 of rectum: artery, vein, afferents, lymphatics
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inferior rectal a.
inferior rectal v. somatic (pudendal) superficial inguinal nodes |
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Gluteus minimus innervation
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superior gluteal n.
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Prostate: enlarged median lobe
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BPH
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Prostate: enlarged posterior lobe
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cancer
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3 portions of urethra
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prostatic
membranous spongy/penile |
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3 contents of broad ligament
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mesometrium
mesosalpinx mesovarium |
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Uterine blood supply
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ovarian artery (off abdominal aorta)
uterine artery (off internal iliac) |
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Cystocele
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prolapse of bladder into vaginal wall
anterior |
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Rectocele
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prolapse of rectum into vaginal wall
posterior |
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Uterus is anteflexed at what angle? Anteverted at what angle?
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170
90 |
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What do you palpate in a female digital rectal exam?
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cervix
fundus of uterus (if retroverted) bowel ovaries |
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External iliac nodes drain what?
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bladder
seminal vesicles prostate |
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Internal iliac nodes drain what?
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seminal vesicles
bladder prostate uterus upper 2/3 vagina lower 1/3 rectum semi bald prostitutes use UV light rays |
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Sacral splanchnics visceral pain
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fundus and body of uterus
ovary bladder upper 1/2 rectum |
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Pelvic splanchnics visceral pain
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retroperitoneal pelvic organs:
cervix prostate seminal vesicle lower 1/2 rectum |
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What nerves and artery enter the lesser sciatic foramen?
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pudendal n.
nerve to obturator internus internal pudendal artery |
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Branches of pudendal nerve
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dorsal
perineal inferior rectal |
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Dorsal nerve
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pudendal branch
pure sensory to glans penis and clitoris |
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Perineal nerve
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pudendal branch
motor to all muscles of UG triangle and sensory to posterior area of scrotum |
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Inferior rectal nerve
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pudendal branch
motor to ext anal sphincter and sensory to anal area |
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Boundaries of anal triangle
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anterior - perineal body
lateral - obturator internus medial - levator ani posterior - cocyx |
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Contents of anal triangle
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external anal sphincter
ischiorectal fat anus inferior rectal a,v,n |
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Alcock's Canal location? Contents?
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fascia of obturator internus
found on lateral wall of anal triangle internal pudendal a. perineal n. dorsal n. |
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Boundaries of UG triangle
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anterior - pubic symphysis
lateral - ischiopubic ramus posterior - perineal body |
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In what triangle are the deep and superficial pouch found?
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UG triangle
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Contents of superficial pouch
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external genitalia
perineal n. branches internal pudendal a. branches |
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What nerves supplies all the skeletal muscle in the deep and superficial pouches?
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perineal nerve
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What muscle covers the Bulb of Penis?
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bulbospongiosus m.
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What muscle covers the Crus of Penis?
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ischiocavernosus m.
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What layer covers the cavernosum and spongiosum?
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tunica albuginea
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Contents of UG triangle deep pouch
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UG diaphragm
internal pudendal a. dorsal n. deep transverse perineal m. |
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Deep perineal pouch contents (male)
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bulbourethral gland (Cowper's)
dorsal a. and n. internal pudendal a. perineal membrane membranous urethra |
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What does the vestibule contain openings for?
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vagina
urethra paraurethral glands (Skene's) greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's) |
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What gland is associated with the Giggity spot?
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paraurethral (Skene's)
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Contents of superficial perineal pouch (female)
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crus of clitoris
bulb of vestibule Bartholin's gland superficial perineal fascia perineal membrane perineal body |
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Floor of superficial pouch
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superficial perineal fascia
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Roof of superficial pouch
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perineal membrane
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What covers the bulb of the vestibule?
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bulbospongiosus m.
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What covers the crus of the clitoris?
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ischiocavernosus m.
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Scrotum homology
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labia majora
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Skin of penis homology
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labia minora
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Bulb of penis homology
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bulb of vestibule
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Crus of penis homology
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crus of clitorus
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Glans penis homology
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glans clitoris
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Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands homology
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greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's)
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Prostate homology
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paraurethral (Skene's) glands
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Labia majora homology
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scrotum
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Labia minora homology
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skin of penis
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Bulb of vestibule homology
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bulb of penis
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Crus of clitoris homology
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crus of penis
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Glans clitoris homology
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glans penis
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Greater vest glands homology
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bulbourethral glands
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Paraurethral glands homology
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prostate
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Function of iliofemoral ligament
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limits extension
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Function of pubofemoral ligament
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limits extension and abduction
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Function of ischiofemoral ligament
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limits extension
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Arterial supply to head/neck of femur
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retinacular arteries
lateral femoral circumflex medial femoral circumflex |
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Structures exiting the greater sciatic foramen
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sciatic n.
superior gluteal n. inferior gluteal n. pudendal n. internal pudendal a. superior gluteal a. inferior gluteal a. |
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Structures entering the lesser sciatic foramen
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pudendal n.
n. to obturator internus internal pudendal a. |
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Structures exiting the lesser sciatic foramen
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obturator internus muscle tendon
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Function of iliotibial tract
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assists in knee extension
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Gluteus maximus function
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extends thigh
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Gluteus medius function
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abducts thigh
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Gluteus minimus function
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rotates thigh medially
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Gluteus maximus origin
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posterior gluteal line
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Gluteus medius origin
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anterior gluteal line
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Gluteus minimus origin
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inferior gluteal line
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What are the five lateral rotators of the thigh?
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quadratus femoris
inferior gemellus superior gemellus obturator internus piriformis |
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Quadratus femoris innervation? Function?
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n. to quadratus femoris
lateral rotation |
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Superior gemellus innervation? Function?
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n. to obturator internus
lateral rotation |
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Obturator internis innervation? Function?
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n. to obt internus
lateral rotation |
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Inferior gemellus innervation? Function?
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n. to quadratus femoris
lateral rotation |
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Tibial nerve roots
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L4-L5, S1-S3
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Inferior gluteal nerve roots
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L5, S1-S2
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Superior gluteal nerve
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L4-L5, S1
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Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve roots
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S1-S3
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Tibial nerve sensory to what?
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medial posterior leg
plantar surface of foot knee joint |
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Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve sensory to what?
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posterior thigh
posterior perineum |
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Common peroneal nerve sensory to what?
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lateral posterior leg
lateral anterior leg dorsum of foot knee joint |
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Coxa valga
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bowlegged
increased angle bt femur and pelvis |
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Coxa vara
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knocked knee
decreased angle bt femur and pelvis |
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Genu valga
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knocked knee
increased knee angle |
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Genu vara
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bow legged
decreased knee angle |
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Femoral sheath contents
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NAVEL
femoral nerve (outside sheath) external iliac artery external iliac vein empty space deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Superficial inguinal lymph node drainage
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horizontal group: skin of gluteal region, skin of ant abdominal wall below umbilicus, ext genitalia, anal triangle
vertical group: lower extremity |
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Great saphenous empties into
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femoral vein
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Great saphenous vein in relation to knee joint? Medial malleolus?
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posterior
anterior |
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Small saphenous vein empties into
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popliteal vein
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Small saphenous vein in relation to lateral malleolus
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posterior
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Preferred direction of vein bloodflow
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superficial low pressure veins
perforating veins deep high pressure veins |
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Superficial inguinal lymph nodes drainage of lower extremity? Then to what nodes?
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all thigh
medial leg medial foot to deep inguinal nodes |
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Popliteal lymph node drainage? Then to what nodes?
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lateral leg
lateral foot to deep inguinal nodes |
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Lateral thigh dermatome
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lateral femoral cutaneous n.
L2-L3 |
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Anterior medial thigh dermatome
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femoral n.
L2-L4 |
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Anterior medial leg dermatome
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saphenous n.
L4 (branch of femoral) |
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Functions of anterior compartment of thigh
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hip flexion
knee extension |
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Quadriceps femoris muscles? Innervation? Action?
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vastus lateralis
rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus intermedius femoral n. hip flexion and knee extension |
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Iliopsoas innervation? Action?
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lumbar spinal nerves
hip flexion |
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Pectineus innervation? action?
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femoral n.
hip flexion |
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Sartorius innervation? action?
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femoral n.
flex, laterally rotate, and abduct thigh flex and medially rotate leg |
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Components of femoral triangle
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roof - skin and fascia
superior - inguinal ligament floor (lateral) - iliopsoas floor (medial) - pectineus lateral wall - sartorius medial wall - adductor longus |
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Found in femoral triangle (lateral to medial)
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femoral n.
femoral a. femoral v. deep inguinal nodes |
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Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries branches off what?
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profunda femoris
(off femoral) |
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Superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of what?
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internal iliac a.
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Medial compartment of thigh: action, innervation, blood supply
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adduction
obturator n. profunda femoris |
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Superficial muscles of medial compartment of thigh? innervation? action?
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adductor longus
gracilis obturator n. adducts thigh |
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Obturator externus innervation? action? location?
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obturator n.
adducts thigh deep medial thigh |
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Adductor brevis innervation, action, location
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obturator n.
adducts thigh deep medial thigh |
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2 portions of adductor magnus
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adductor and hamstring portions
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Adductor magnus (adductor portion) innervation, action, location
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obturator n.
adducts thigh deep medial thigh |
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Adductor magnus (hamstring portion) innervation, action, location
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tibial n.
adducts thigh deep medial thigh |
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Contents passing through adductor hiatus
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femoral a. (anterior)
femoral v. (posterior) branch of obturator n. to knee joint |
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Adductor canal contents
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n. to vastus medialis
saphenous n. femoral a. femoral v. Add: vastus + saphenous = 2 femorals |
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Adductor canal boundaries
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roof - sartorius
medial - adductor longus lateral - vastus medialis |
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Posterior thigh compartment action, innervation, blood supply
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hip extension
knee flexion tibial and common peroneal n. perforating a. |
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Posterior thigh dermatome
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posterior femoral cutaneous (S1-S3)
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Muscles of posterior thigh
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hamstring portion of adductor magnus
semimembranosus semitendinosus long head of biceps femoris |
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Hamstring muscles
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hamstring portion of adductor magnus
semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris long head |
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What is the only tendon that inserts on the head of the fibula?
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common tendon of biceps femoris
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Hamstring portion of adductor magnus innervation? action?
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tibial n.
hip extension and knee flexion |
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Semimembranosus innervation? action?
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tibial n.
hip extension, knee flexion |
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Semitendinosus innervation? action?
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tibial n.
hip extension, knee flexion |
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Biceps long head innervation? action?
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tibial n.
hip extension, knee flexion |
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Biceps short head innervation? action?
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common peroneal n. (fibular)
knee flexion |
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What is the only knee flexor that is not innervated by the tibial n.?
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short head biceps femoris
innervated by common peroneal n. (fibular) |
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Pes anserine muscles
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sartorius
gracilis semitendinosus Say grace seemingly, and he will answer |
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Muscles and tendons found on the posterior knee joint
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gastrocnemius
semimembranosus popliteus oblique popliteal ligament |
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Contents of popliteal fossa
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popliteal nodes
popliteal v. popliteal a. popliteal m. tibial n. |
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Boundaries of popliteal fossa
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roof - skin and fascia
medial - semimembranosus, medial head of gastrocnemius lateral - biceps femoris, plantaris, lateral head of gastrocnemius floor - popliteus muscle |
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Popliteus muscle innervation and action
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tibial n.
unlocks knee join prior to flexion |
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Branches of sciatic nerve
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tibial
common peroneal/fibular nerve |
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Branches of popliteal artery around knee joint
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superior/inferior lateral genicular a.
superior/inferior medial genicular a. |
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Medial meniscus attached to what ligament
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tibial/medial collateral ligament
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What are the 4 bursa layers around the knee joint?
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suprapatellar bursa
subcutaneous prepatellar subcutaneous infrapatellar deep intrapatellar |
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All muscles in posterior compartment of leg innervated by what
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tibial n.
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Posterior leg muscles innervation and action at ankle
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tibial n.
plantar flexion and inversion/supination |
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What makes up the triceps surae
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2 heads of gastrocnemius
soleus |
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Flexor digitorum longus innervation? action?
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tibial n.
plantar flexion |
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Tibialis posterior innervation? action?
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tibial n.
plantar flexion, inversion |
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Flexor hallucis longus innervation? action?
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tibial n.
plantar flexion, inversion |
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Posterior tibial artery branches into what?
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post tibial and fibular a.
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Structures at medial malleolus (ant to post)
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tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery tibial n. flexor hallucis longus Tom Dick AN Harry |
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Anterior compartment of leg innervation and action
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deep peroneal n.
dorsiflexors (only ones) |
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What are the only dorsiflexors?
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tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus |
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Common peroneal nerve branches
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superficial and deep peroneal nerve
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Superficial peroneal nerve function
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nerve of lateral compartment
sensory to dorsum of foot |
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Deep peroneal nerve function
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nerve to anterior compartment
sensory to dorsum of foot bt 1st and 2nd toes |
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Tibialis anterior innervation? action?
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dorsiflexion
inversion |
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Extensor hallucis longus innervation? action?
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dorsiflexion
inversion |
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Extensor digitorum longus innervation? action?
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dorsiflexion
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What does the anterior tibial artery change names to?
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dorsalis pedis
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Contents under the inferior extensor retinaculum
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tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus dorsalis pedis a. deep peroneal n. extensor digitorum longus THAND |
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Peroneus tertius innervation
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deep peroneal n.
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Extensor digitorum brevis innervation
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deep peroneal n.
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extensor hallucis brevis innervation
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deep peroneal n.
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4 dorsal interossei innervation
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tibial n.
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Lateral compartment of leg innervation and action
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superficial peroneal n.
plantar flexion evertion (pronation) - only ones |
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What are the only pronators (everters)?
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lateral compartment of leg:
peroneus longus/fibularis longus peroneus brevis/fibularis brevis |
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Peroneus longus innervation? action?
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superficial peroneal n.
plantar flexion, evertion/pronation |
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Peroneus brevis innervation? action?
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superficial peroneal n.
plantar flexion, evertion/pronation |
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What is the sural n. a branch of?
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tibial n.
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What is the lateral sural n. a branch of?
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branch of common peroneal n.
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Groove in cuboid for what tendon
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peroneus longus tendon
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What 2 muscles insert at 5th metatarsal?
|
peroneus tertius
peroneus brevis |
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Large ligament on medial ankle
|
deltoid ligament
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Abductor digiti minimi innervation
|
lateral plantar n.
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Abductor hallucis innervation
|
medial plantar n.
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Flexor digitorum brevis innervation
|
medial plantar n.
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What muscles make up the 1st layer of plantar muscles?
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abductor digiti minimi
abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis |
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Lumbrical innervation
|
medial 1 - medial plantar n.
lateral 3 - lateral plantar n. |
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Quadratus plantae innervation
|
lateral plantar n.
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
|
lateral plantar n.
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Adductor hallucis innervation
|
lateral plantar n.
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Flexor hallucis brevis innervation
|
medial plantar n.
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2nd layer of plantar muscles
|
4 lumbricals
quadratus plantae flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus |
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3rd layer of plantar muscles
|
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis flexor hallucis brevis |
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How many dorsal interossei? plantar? innervation?
|
4; lateral plantar n.
3; lateral plantar n. |
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4th layer of plantar muscles
|
4 dorsal interossei
3 plantar interossei long plantar ligament short plantar ligament spring ligament |
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Dorsal interossei innervation? action?
|
lateral plantar n.
abduction |
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Plantar interossei innervation? action?
|
lateral plantar n.
adduction |
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Medial plantar nerve innervates what
|
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis 1st lumbrical |
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Lateral plantar nerve innervates what
|
quadratus plantae
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis 2,3,4 lumbricals adductor hallucis all dorsal/plantar interossei |
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Another name for spring ligament
|
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
|
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During Babinski Test, if toe extends what is the problem?
|
upper motor neuron problem
|
