Pa 2170 Chapter 1

Front 1

David H. Rosenbloom (1943- )

Back 1

The leading authority on the constitutional aspects of public employment. His paradigm of public administration at the intersection of management, politics, and law has become a standard way to analyze and teach the subject.

Front 2

chief of state

Back 2

The ceremonial head of a government, such as a king, queen, or president.

Front 3

food stamps

Back 3

A welfare program designed to improve the nutrition of the poor.

Front 4

Amnesty International

Back 4

A worldwide organization that seeks to gain the release of political and religious prisoners by publicizing their plights and by lobbying governments.

Front 5

Dwight Waldo (1913-2000)

Back 5

The preeminent historian of the academic field of public administration.

Front 6

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

Back 6

The federal agency created by the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 to conduct research on problems of flight and to explore outer space.

Front 7

privatization

Back 7

The process of returning to the private sector property (such as public lands) or functions (such as trash collection, fire protection) previously owned or performed by government.

Front 8

implementation

Back 8

Putting a government program into effect; the total process of translating a legal mandate into appropriate program directives and structures that provide services or create goods.

Front 9

lobby

Back 9

Any individual, group, or organization that seeks to influence legislation or administrative action; can be trade associations, individual corporations, good-government public interest groups, or other levels of government.

Front 10

Walter Lippmann (1889-1974)

Back 10

A journalist who went beyond being the preeminent political pundit of his time to being a political philosopher who wrote pioneering analyses of public opinion and foreign policy.

Front 11

E. Pendleton Herring (1903-2004)

Back 11

One of the most influential of the pre-World War II scholars of public administration.

Front 12

Edmund Burke (1729-1797)

Back 12

The British political philosopher and member of parliament who is often referred to as the father of modern conservative thought.

Front 13

tragedy of the commons

Back 13

A story illustrative of the principle that maximization of private gain will not result in the maximization of social benefit.

Front 14

GI Bill

Back 14

The American Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944; provided low-interest, no-down-payment home mortgages and education benefits that allowed a whole generation of working-class veterans to go to college and advance into the middle class.

Front 15

Amtrak

Back 15

The National Railroad Passenger Corp., the federally subsidized corporation created in 1970 to operate intercity rail passenger service.

Front 16

public law

Back 16

A legislative act that deals with the citizenry as a whole; a statute that applies to all.

Front 17

Speaker

Back 17

The presiding officer of a legislature such as a House of Representatives or a House of Commons, elected by its members.

Front 18

New Deal

Back 18

The domestic programs and policies of the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was president from 1933 to 1945.

Front 19

judicial review

Back 19

Any court's power to review executive actions, legislative acts, or decisions of lower courts (or quasi-judicial entities, such as arbitration panels) to either confirm or overturn them.

Front 20

representative government

Back 20

A governing system in which a legislature freely chosen by the people exercises substantial power on their behalf.

Front 21

political machine

Back 21

Historically, an informal organization that controlled the formal processes of a government through corruption, patronage, intimidation, and service to its constituents; usually focused on a single politician, a boss, who commanded loyalty through fear or affection.

Front 22

ward heeler

Back 22

A local political functionary; someone who is involved with, but insignificant in, party affairs; not worthy of much respect.

Front 23

ward

Back 23

A subdivision of a city, often used as a legislative district for city council elections, as an administrative division for public services, or as a unit for the organization of political parties.

Front 24

patronage

Back 24

The power of elected and appointed officials to make partisan appointments to office or to confer contracts, honors, or other benefits on their political supporters.

Front 25

welfare state

Back 25

A governing system in which it is a public policy that government will strive to provide a universal minimum floor of economic and social benefits for all of its citizens.

Front 26

libertarianism

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A political doctrine holding that a government should do little more than provide police and military protection; other than that, it should not interfere- for either good or ill- in the lives of its citizens.

Front 27

objectivist

Back 27

One who believes that reason and logic are the only means to knowledge, that self-interest determines ethics, and that capitalism should prevail in society.

Front 28

reactionary

Back 28

A person who supports outmoded ideas of the past; derogatory reference to political malcontents who yearn for a previous status quo.

Front 29

conservatism

Back 29

ADherence to a political disposition that prefers the status quo and accepts change only in moderation.

Front 30

tax loophole

Back 30

An inconsistency in the tax laws, intentional or unintentional, that allows the avoidance of some taxes.

Front 31

Pierre-Joesph Proudhon (1809-1865)

Back 31

The French journalist who is considered the intellectual father of anarchism.

Front 32

Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804)

Back 32

George Washington's aide and secretary during the Revolutionary War; supporter of a strong national government; signed Constitution and coauthored the Federalist Papers.

Front 33

chief of staff

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An army's highest-ranking officer.

Front 34

staff

Back 34

Specialist who assist line managers in carrying out their duties; do not have the power of decision, command, or control of operations.

Front 35

nobless oblige

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A French term meaning "nobility obliges"; the notion that the nobles (or those of the upper class) have a special obligation to serve society.

Front 36

rugged individualists

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Those who staunchly believe that citizens should take care of their own economic needs and not be dependent on government for the necessities of life; tend to oppose paternalistic government welfare programs; associated with Presidents Hoover and Reagan

Front 37

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)

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President from 1913-1921; previously a professor of political science, president of Princeton, and governor of New Jersey.

Front 38

progressive movement

Back 38

While the term has its origins in religious concepts that argued for the infinite improvability of the human condition, by the end of the nineteenth century it had come to refer to a political and cultural movement that focused on reforming industrialized societies to provide for a greater democratic participation by the individual in government, and the application of science and specialized knowledge and skills to the improvement of life.

Front 39

Leonard White (1891-1958)

Back 39

The University of Chicago professor who wrote the first public administration text in 1926.

Front 40

Whitehall

Back 40

Now refers to the most senior members of the British civil services; the area of London in which government buildings have historically been concentrated.

Front 41

Kremlin

Back 41

The MOscow citadel where the main offices of the Russian government are located.