Pa 2008- Patho Ch. 2

Front 1

SGA Small for gestational age (IUGR intrauterine growth retardation)

Back 1

term that denotes fetal undergrowth. Birth weight less than 2500 gms. risk for perinatal complications like birth asphyxia, hyperglycemia, polycythemia, meconium aspiration, and hypothermia

Front 2

Symetric SGA

Back 2

impaired growth that occurs early in pregnancy during the hyperplastic phase of growth. Head circumference, lengh, and weight usually within similar percentiles. Irreversible postnatally.

Front 3

Asymetric SGA

Back 3

impaired growth that occurs later in pregnancy during the hypertrophic phase of growth resulting in asymmetric growth retardation. Uterine malnutrition, have wight reduction out of proportion to lenght or head circumference. may be partially corrected postnatally.

Front 4

LGA Large for gestational age

Back 4

term that denotes fetal overgrowth

Front 5

Apgar Score Assessment

Back 5

Scoring system that evaluates infant well-being at birth.

Front 6

What are the five things evaluated in the Apgar score?

Back 6

Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color

Front 7

Apgar- Heart rate

Back 7

0: absent
1: <100
2: >100

Front 8

Apgar- Respiratory effort

Back 8

0: absent
1: weak, irregular
2: crying

Front 9

Apgar- Muscle tone

Back 9

0: Limp
1: some flexion
2: well flexed

Front 10

Apgar- Reflex irritability

Back 10

0: no response
1: grimace
2: cry, gag

Front 11

Apgar- Color

Back 11

0: Pale
1: Cyanotic
2: Pink

Front 12

Apnea

Back 12

cessation of breathin for 20 seconds or over

Front 13

Periodic breathing

Back 13

intermittent failure to breathe for periods lasting less than 10-15 seconds

Front 14

Cephalohematoma

Back 14

subperiosteal collection of blood from ruptured blood vessels. usually unilateral and does not cross suture lines.

Front 15

most common bone fracture during the birth process

Back 15

clavicle

Front 16

3 types of brachial plexus injuries

Back 16

Erbs palsy (upper arm), Klumpke's palsy (upper arm), and paralisis of the entire arm

Front 17

RDS

Back 17

Respiratory distress syndrome, frequently referred to as hyaline membrane disease.
the most commoncomplication of prematurity

Front 18

primary cause of RDS

Back 18

lack of surfactant in the lungs

Front 19

IVH- Intraventricular hemorrhage

Back 19

common problem almost exclusive to premies, ranks second to RDS.
Often occurs in a subependymal erminal matrix layer

Front 20

Necrotizing enterocolitis- NEC

Back 20

ileum is most commonly affected, followed by the ascending colon, cecum, transverse colon, and rectosigmoid

Front 21

Failure to thrive

Back 21

inadequate growth of the child due to inability to obtain or use essential nutrients. May be organic or nonorganic.

Front 22

Organic failure to thrive

Back 22

inadequate growth due to congenital defect that makes sucking and feeding difficult.

Front 23

Nonorganic failure to thrive

Back 23

result of pschological factors that prevent adequate intake of nutrition.

Front 24

SIDS- sudden infant death syndrome

Back 24

defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year of age that remains unexplained after autopsy

Front 25

Kernicterus

Back 25

a form of jaundice occurring in newborns between the 2nd and 8th day after birth due to infiltration of bilirubin in basal ganglia and other areas of the brain

Front 26

Salter- Harris Classification system

Back 26

classification system that looks at epiphyseal fractures in children. They can affect growth. Clssified I through V

Front 27

Hematopoietic system

Back 27

composed of pluripotent stem cells that differentiate to form the RBCs, WBCs, PLT, through a process called hematopoiesis

Front 28

Common health problems of adolecence

Back 28

>80% of death: injures including suicide