Pa 2008 Ch 4 General Survey & Vitals

Front 1

What is BMI?

Back 1

Body Mass Index

Front 2

What BMI is considered overweight?

Back 2

BMI >25

Front 3

What BMI is considered obese?

Back 3

BMI > 30

Front 4

A Higher than normal BMI is considered a risk factor for what conditions/diseases

Back 4

diabetes, heart disease, stroke,hypertension,osteoarthritis, sleep apnea syndrome, some cancers

Front 5

If BMI is higher than normal what should be done and what are the limits

Back 5

Measure the pts waist,pt may have increased body fat if measurement equal or exceed 35in women, 40in men

Front 6

Classification of Overweight and obesity by BMI

Back 6

Underweight < 18.5
Normal 18.5-24.9
Overweight 25.0-29.9
Obesity I 30.0-34.9 II 35.0-39.0 III = or > 40

Front 7

what are the Clinical Guidelines on the identification ,evaluation & treatment of overweight & obese adults

Back 7

10% reduction over6 months or 300-500 calorie decrease for BMI 27-35, 1/2 to 1 lb per week more does not lead to better results.

Front 8

What should be a concern if BMI falls below 18.5

Back 8

anorexia nervosa bulimia or other conditions (review table pg. 116 for differences)

Front 9

Rapid changes in weight over a few days may suggest?

Back 9

changes in body fluids, not tissue, several pounds of fluid may appear as edema.

Front 10

Causes of weight loss can include?

Back 10

GI diseases,endcrine disorders,chronic infections
malignancy,chronic cardiac,pulmonary,renal failure,depression,anorexia,bulimia

Front 11

Weight loss with relatively high food intake may suggest?

Back 11

diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism,or malabsorption,also consider binge eating and clandetine vomiting

Front 12

malnutrition can be associated with psychosocial issues such as:

Back 12

Poverty,old age, social isolation, physical diability,mental or emotional impairment,no teeth,ill fitting dentures,alcohol or drug abuse

Front 13

Fatigue is a common symptom of anxiety states or depression but else should be considered?

Back 13

Infections(hepatitis,mono,TB)
Endocrine disorders, heart failure,chronic lung liver kidney,nutrition deficits,electrolyte imbalance,anemia,cancers,meds

Front 14

Weakness denotes demonstrable loss of muscle if localized in a neuruanatomic pattern may suggest:

Back 14

possible neuropathy or myopathy

Front 15

Feeling cold, goosebumps and shivering accompany what type of change in body temp?

Back 15

A rise in body Temp

Front 16

Feeling hot and sweating accompany what type of change in body Temp?

Back 16

A falling body temp.

Front 17

Why should you inquire about meds when evaluating fever?

Back 17

Some may cause fever and others aspirin NSADs ,acetaminophen, corticosteriods may mask

Front 18

What 3 are important topics for Health promotion and counseling

Back 18

optimal weight & nutrition
Excercise
BP and diet

Front 19

Adolescent females and women of child bearing age should increase intake of which nutrients?

Back 19

Iron and folic acid

Front 20

Adults over 50 should choose foods rich in which nutrients?

Back 20

Vitamin B12 and calcium.

Front 21

What are Vital signs?

Back 21

Blood pressure, temperature, heart rate,respiratory rate

Front 22

What is considered normal BP in adults >18?

Back 22

< 120mm Hg systolic and <80mmHg Diastolic

Front 23

What is considered Prehypertension in adults >18?

Back 23

120-139 mmHg systolic and 80-89mmHg diastolic

Front 24

What are the criteria for hypertension Stage I and II?

Back 24

Stage I 140-159mmHg systolic &90-99mmHg diastolic
Stage II =or>160systolic & = or > 100 diastolic

Front 25

When systolic and diastolic pressures fall in different categories how do you categorize?

Back 25

Use the higher category

Front 26

What can a pressure difference of 10-15mmHg from one arm to another indicate?

Back 26

arterial compression or obstruction on the side with the lower pressure

Front 27

For a diagnosis of Hypertension what evaluation criteria should be met before diagnosis?

Back 27

The mean of 2 or more properly measured seated BP readings on 2 or more office visits, verified on contralateral arm.

Front 28

Normally there may be a difference of how many mmHg from arm to arm and which should be used

Back 28

5mmHg and sometimes up to 10mmHg the higher arm should be used.

Front 29

What is orthostatic or postural blood pressure?

Back 29

drop in systolic BP of > or equal to 20mmHg systolic or in diastolic > or equal to 10mmHg within 3 min of standing

Front 30

What is the name of the sounds heard when taking BP?

Back 30

Korotkoff sounds

Front 31

What can be causes of orthostatic or postural hypotension?

Back 31

drugs, loss of blood, prolonged bed rest,diseases of autonomic nervous system

Front 32

What is white coat hypertension?

Back 32

Anxiety related to office visits last for several visits, occurs in 12% to 25% of patients

Front 33

In obese patients a BP cuff that is too small can lead to:

Back 33

Overestimation of systolic BP

Front 34

Coarctation of the aorta and occlusive aortic disease are distinguished by:

Back 34

hypertension in upper extremeties,low BP in legs and diminished or delayed femoral pulses

Front 35

When you cannot hear Korotoff sounds you may be able to estimate systolic pressure this way.

Back 35

Palpation

Front 36

When evaluating pulse Irregular rhythms may indicate

Back 36

atrial or ventricular premature contractions or atrial fibrillation

Front 37

Irregularly Irregular rhythms on pulse indicate

Back 37

Atrial fibrillation

Front 38

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?

Back 38

14 to 20 breaths per minute.

Front 39

Prolonged expirations may indicate what?

Back 39

Narrowing of bronchioles.

Front 40

Slow breathing (bradypnea) may be secondary to:

Back 40

diabetic coma, drug induced respiratory depression,and increased intracrainial pressure

Front 41

Rapid shallow breathing (tachypnea)can be caused by:

Back 41

restrictive lung disease,pleuritic chest pain,and elevated diaphram

Front 42

Rapid deep breathing(Hyperpnea or hyperventilation) can be caused by

Back 42

exercise, anxiety and metabolic acidosis,

Front 43

Hyperpnea or hyperventilation in the comatose pt. may indicate:

Back 43

infarctin,hypoxia,or hypoglycemia affecting the midbrain or pons.

Front 44

What is Kussmaul breathing?

Back 44

deep breathing due to metabolic acidosis. It may be fast normal in rate or slow.

Front 45

What is cheyne-Stokes Breathing and hat can it indicate?

Back 45

periods of deep breathing W/ periods of apnea,normal in kids and aging, other causes heart failure,uremia,drug induced res. depression,brain damage

Front 46

What is Ataxic or Biots breathing, what can it indicate?

Back 46

unpredictable irregularity,breaths an be shallow or deep & stop shortly,may be brain damage,(medullary level)respiratory depression.

Front 47

What is sighing respiration and what can it indicate?

Back 47

breating w/ frequent sighs,
may be hyperventiatin syndrome(common cause of dizziness)occasional sighs normal

Front 48

In obstructive lung disease why is expiration prolonged?

Back 48

Narrowed airways increase resistance to air flow.causes include asthma,chronic bronchitis& COPD

Front 49

Elevated body temperature is called fever or:

Back 49

Pyrexia

Front 50

Abnormally high temperature is refered to as:

Back 50

Hyperpyrexia over 41.1 C (106F)

Front 51

What are causes for fever?

Back 51

infection,trauma such as surgery or crush injuries,Ca,blood disorders, collegen vascular disease,drug reactions.

Front 52

What is the chief cause of of hypothermia? name other causes

Back 52

#1exposure to cold,sepsis
excess alcohol,hypoglycemia
elderly especially susceptable

Front 53

What is normal oral temp?
Which is normally higher oral, rectal or axillary? which is least accurate? method

Back 53

37C or 98.6
rectal higher
axillary least accurate.