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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the aminoglycosides
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Streptomycin
Neomycin Kanamycin Tobramycin Paromomycin Gentamicin Amikacin |
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MoA of aminoglycosides?
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Bactericidal (see wiki)
Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit Disrupts translation via one of the following MoAs: blocks initiation causes premature termination inserts incorrect amino acid |
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Spectrum of activity of aminoglycosides?
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Mainly gram - , but used in combo with B-lactam to cover gram + (staph, enterococci, viridans strep)
wiki: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter, some Mycobacteria (Mycobacteria arent gram - though, they're acid-fast oddballs) |
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What bug(s) is Streptomycin used for?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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What bug(s) is Amikacin used for?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Acinetobacter(drug of choice for) aMIKacin: think MYCobacterium amikACIN: think ACINetobacter |
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What bug(s) is Kanamycin used for?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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What bug(s) is Tobramycin used for?
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P. aeruginosa (tobramycin > gentamicin)
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What bug(s) is Gentamicin used for?
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Serratia (gentamicin > tobramycin)
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MoA of resistance to aminoglycosides?
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Decreases ability of drug to get into cell(dec membrane permeability, inc efflux)
Has enzyme that modifies aminoglycoside (aac-le-aph, groups added to AG, dec AG binding/affinity to rib) Self-modified ribosomes(altered target/self-methylation of 16s rib which is part of 30s rib) |
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ADME of aminoglycosides?
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Poor GI absorption
Blood conc > tissue + body fluid Poor penetration of BBB Renal elimination(dosage adjust necessary in impairment) Conc dependent killing(optimum cmax:mic is 10:1) PAE(post antibiotic effect) |
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List drugs best at Cmax:MIC
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Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides Metronidazole |
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List drugs best at AUC:MIC
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Fluoroquinolones
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List drugs best at Time > MIC
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B-Lactams
Macrolides |
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Aminoglycoside AEs?
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Nephrotoxicity(60%)
Ototoxicity(2-25%, vestibular and auditory) Neuromuscular block |
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Which aminoglycoside is most able to resist "addons" by aminoglycoside modifying bacteria?
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Amikacin
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List some bacteria that have resistance against aminoglycosides.
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Enterobacteriacea(g-)
Enterococcus(g+) |
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Enterobacteriacea is most sensitive to which aminoglycoside?
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Amikacin
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Enterococcus is most sensitive to which aminoglycoside?
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Streptomycin
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Which new aminoglycoside in development appears to have the best activity against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria, and is less toxic as well?
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Neoglycoside(plazomicin)
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