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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do we get cytological samples (exfoliated cells)?
Histopatholgy? (intact tiss) |
Sputum, Bronch obtained specimens
trans bronch biopsy open lung biopsy, wedge lobectomy, pneymonectomy |
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Ziehl-neelsen stained for...
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TB, mycobacterial
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Lobar pneumonia is typically caused by what?
What are common causes of community acquired bacterial pneumonias? |
strep. pneumo.
S. pneumo, klebsiella, hemophilius, s. aureus, mycoplasm pneumoniae |
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What is a:
gram + diplococcus normal resident of nasopharynx pneumonias are often preceded by viral infection |
strep. pneumo.
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What is:
Small gram - bacillus aquatic environment |
Legionella pneumonphila
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What is the most common cause of abscesses in the lung?
What do anaerobic bacteria often cause? What predisposes pts to these infections? |
anaerobic bacteria
- streptococci, fusobacteria, bacteroides necrosis; foul smelling sputum those who aspirate: interruption of the normal gag reflex (alcoholics, seizure diz, etc.) |
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Are Pneumonias caused by filamentous bacteria common?
Name the two, list their morphology, and explain how they're distinguished. |
no, except in those w/ inborn error or some other type of immunocompromise.
Actinomyces israelii (sulfur granules) Nocardia asteroides (less common) - both are gram + rods arranged in filaments - nocardia will stain with silver |
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Complications of pneumonias are pyothorax / empyema, and bacteremia. Define those terms.
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infection of pleural fluid
bacteria in the bloodstream |
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What usually causes what we refer to as "walking pneumonia?"
Unique features of this organism? Sx? Tx? How infectious? |
mycoplasma
prokaryote w/ no cell wall; causes a necrotizing pneumonia. - unproductive cough, trachial bronchitis. - tx with cheap antiB Very infectious through airborne droplets. |
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90% of ____ TB infections are asymptomatic.
What is a a Ghon complex? |
primary/exposures
- peripheral nidus of infection, often adjacent to interlobar fissure. - infected lymph nodes nearby - can calcify |
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What is Miliary TB?
2 other TB complications? Can TB cause cavitations? What might this become home for later on? |
multiple small granulomas in many organs, most likely via hematogenous dissemination
Hemoptysis Broncho-pleural fistula - connection b/t two things that aren't supposed to be connected. Yes. Aspergillosis --> empyema |
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What are the two ways to develop Miliary TB?
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Get it from progressive primary TB (only in young or HIV) or from secondary TB (cavitary TB)
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Where would we see histoplasma?
Coccidioides? Cryptococcus? Blastomyces? Aspergillus? Pneumocystis? What type of inflammation do most fungal pneumonias cause? Which can mimic primary lung carcinoma? Stain for it? |
Ohio river valley
SW Anywhere Anywhere Everywhere Immunosuppressed Granulomatous inflammation Cryptococcus neoformans - "cryptococcoma" - stain the polyS capsule with mucicarmine stain. |
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Can you distinguish the necrotizing granulomatous response to something like histoplasmosis from TB?
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Not w/o special stains or culture.
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What are the three different kinds of lung disease caused by aspergillosis?
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Invasive aspergillosis
Aspergilloma (post-cavitating disease) Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
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Invasive aspergillosis is most common in what populations?
How do the organisms invade? What do you look |
Leukemics, chemo pts, HIV, immunosuppressed.
invade in the blood vessels: - can cause infarction, thrombosis, exsanguination, disseminated dz |
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What do you look for in histology re: aspergillus?
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right angle, branching septate hyphae
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What will a CXR show for a cavity?
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empty air (black)
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What % of asthmatics develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
What is seen in blood and sputum? Ig__ is increased in serum. |
up to 20%
Eosinophila IgE |
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In PCP, cysts fill ____ ____ with organisms and proteinaceous fluid?
Dx tool? |
Aveolar space.
Bronchoalveolar lavage |
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What types of pts tend to get Viral pneumonias in general?
CMV exception? What is seen on histology? |
immunocompromised
Infants may get CMV Lymphocytes in the interstitium |
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What are the three signs (histologically) of herpes virus infection?
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multinucleation, margination (chromatin is dispersed out along the perimeter of the nuclei), and molded nuclei (they look slammed into one another)
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