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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxygenation
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21% room air, clear, odorless
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Respiratory process:gas exchange
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1. pulmonary ventilation
2. Gas exchange 3. Transport |
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Structure/Fx of Resp System
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Upper
Lower |
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Upper
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mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx
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Lower
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trachea
lungs: bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillary network, pleural membranes |
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Gas Exchange
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respiratory membrane(alveolar/capillary walls)
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Lungs
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R- RUL,RML, RLL
L-LUL, LLL |
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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inhalation/exhalation:
clear airway intact CNS/resp center intact thoracic compacity adequate pulmonary compliance |
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intrapleural pressure
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pressure in the pleural cavity
slightly negative which creates suction that allows recoil |
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intrapulmonary pressure
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pressure within lungs
equal to atmosphere volume of lungs increase, pulmonic pressure decrease |
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tidal volume
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degree of expansion of chest
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lung compliance
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stretchability of lung tissue
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lung recoil
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continual tendency of lungs to collapse
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surfactant
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lipoprotein that reduces surface tension
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Alveolar gas exchange
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diffusion of o2 from alveoli and into pulmonary blood vessels
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diffusion
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movement of gases from one area of greater pressure to a lower pressure
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partial pressure
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pressure exerted to create a concentration of oxygen (PO2)
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PCO2
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co2 in pulmonary capillaries
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Transport of O2 and CO2
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O2 to lungs to tissue
CO2 to from tissue to lungs |
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hemoglobin
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RBC that contain O2
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Factors that affect rate of transport
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Cardiac Output
H/H Exercise |
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Respiratory Regulation
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neural: adjusts rate of alveolar ventilations for PO2 and PCO2
chemical: medulla is rapid to respond; can increase/decrease CO2 |
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Factors affecting RR fx
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Age: anatomy changes
environment: temp, altitude lifestyle: exercise health status: disease can alter medications: decrease rate and rhythm stress: can cause PO2 rise, PCO2 fall |
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Alterations in RR fx
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hypoxia
hypercarbia hypoxemia |
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hypoxia
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insufficient oxygen
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hypercarbia
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CO2 retention
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hypoxemia
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reduced O2 in blood
ie low partial pressure |
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Altered Breathing Pattern:
BOBCATKD |
Bradypnea
Orthopnea Biot's Cheyne-Stokes Apnea Tachypnea Kussmal's Dyspnea |
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Bradypnea
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slow RR
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orthopnea
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inability to breath except when upright
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Biot's
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shallow breaths interrupted by apnea
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Cheyene-Stokes
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rhythmic very deep or very shallow breaths r/t CHF, ICP, OD
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Apnea
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absent of breathing
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Tachypnea
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Rapid RR
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Kussmal's
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body tries to get rid of CO2 through deep/ rapid breaths
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Dyspnea
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difficult to breath
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stridor
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harsh, high pitch inspiration
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RN Management of RR
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Assess: PPH, Physical (auscultate, palpate, O2, VS)
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RN Management of RR
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Dx:
Ineffective Airway Clearance Ineffective Breathing Pattern Impaired gas exchange Activity Intolerance |
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Tidal Volume
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volume inhaled/exhaled
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
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max amount of air inhaled
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Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV)
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max amount of air exhaled
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Residual Volume(RV)
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air remaining in lungs
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Total lung capacity(TLC)
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total lung max inflation
Add: TV,IRV,ERV, RV |
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Vital capacity(VC)
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total amount of air exhaled after max inhale
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inspiratory capacity
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total amount of air that can be inhaled
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Fx residual capacity(FRC)
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volume left in lungs after norm exhale
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Minute Volume(MV)
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total volume of air in one min
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