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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to electron receptors in the TCA cycle? What needs to happen to them next and what does this?
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They are reduced--they must be oxidized back to their original form and this happens in the ETC
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Where does the proton motive force occur? Where are the protons donated?
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Across the inner mitochondrial membrane--they are donated from the Matrix to the IM space
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Describe the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Why are there cristae?
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It is highly impermeable to small molecules and ions--it does have to have transporters that are able to remove products like ATP and deliver ADP--the cristae incress the SA/vol ratio
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What is the first electron acceptor in the ETC?
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FMN at Complex 1
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How many protons does Complex 1 pump across the inner mitoch membrane? Complex 2? Complex 4? Complex 3?
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4--0--2--4
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What is the final electron acceptor from Complex 1?
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Ubiquinone, which is reduced to ubiquinol
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Where do electrons go from Complex 3?
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To cytochrome C, which passes the electrons to Complex 4
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How many protons are moved by Complex 4? Where are they moved to?
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2--they are moved from the matrix to the IM space
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What is the other name for Complex 2? What does complex 2 do?
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Succinate dehydrogenase, which is part of the TCA cycle--it passes electrons to ubiquinone/coenzyme Q, which then passes to Complex 3
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How many protons are transported by Complex 2?
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6--not directly, but through the actions of complex 3 and 4
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Where is protein-bound copper found?
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Complex 4
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True or false--FAD is only used to deliver protons to the ETC.
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False--it is a tightly bound prosthetic group on complex 2 that helps to shuttle electrons
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What are the two flavoproteins that work in the ETC?
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FMN and FAD
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True or false--coenzyme Q is very hydrophobic.
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True--this allows it to remain in the membrane
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What is the other name for Complex 1?
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Coenzyme Q oxidoreductase
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Could complex 1 be classified as a metalloprotein?
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Yes--it contains Fe-S clusters that help to pass electrons
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What are all the names for complex 2? What initial step is performed on this enzyme?
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Succinate dehydrogenase, Coenzyme Q oxidoreductase, and Complex 2--succinate is oxidized to fumarate and FAD is reduced to FADH2
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Where is ubiquinone found in the ETC basides just between proteins?
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In complex 3
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What is complex 4 actually called? What happens here?
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Cytochrome C Oxidase--oxygen is reduced to form water and cytochrome C is oxidized so that it can go back to complex 3
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What is the glycerophosphate shuttle?
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Alternate pathway containing glycerophosphate dehydrogenase that oxidizes G3P to DHAP and gives the electrons to Ubiquinone
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What does Fatty Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase do?
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It donates to the ETC through Complex 3
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Where is the F1 segment of ATPsynthetase located? The F0?
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In the matrix--in the inner mitoch space
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How many protons are needed to make one ATP?
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4--three move through ATPsynth and 1 is transported to balance the charge differential
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What causes ATP creation by ATPsynth?
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Protons pass through the F0 section of the protein and cause it to turn, inducing a conformation change in F1 that releases it newly created ATP
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How many ATP's are created by one NADH? One FADH2? One glucose?
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2.5, 1.5, and either 32 or 30
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Discuss flux and Ox/Phos.
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Increase in ADP causes increased ATP synthetase action by substrate availability, wjhich causes a decrease in the proton motive force across the inner mitoch membrane, which activates the ETC to try to restore the PMF, which results in a decrease in NADH, which feeds back to glycolysis and the TCA cycle to provide more energy
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What does cyanide do? CO?
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Binds complex 4 and inhibits it--CO binds complex 4 and blocks protein transport
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What is found in brown adipose?
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Thermogenins--these cells are brown because they have so many mitochondria--used for non-shivering heat in babies
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