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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What begins at the start of pregnancy and continues until the birth of a child?
Prenatal Development
What is the study of prenatal development?
Embryology
What are the three distinct periods of prenatal development?
1) Preimplantation period
2) Embryonic period
3) Fetal period
What is the earliest indication of a part or an organ during prenatal development that appears on structures such as the face, neck, and oral tissues?
Primordium
Which period takes place during the first week and is a period of the unattached conceptus?
Preimplantation period of prenatal development
What is the process called when the woman's ovum is penetrated by and united with the man's sperm?
Fertilization
What is another name for a fertilized egg?
Zygote
Process of reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes for the future embryo.
Meiosis
Photographic analysis of a person's chromosomes.
Karyotype
Portion of cell divison that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
Mitosis
Process during prenatal development when individual cell divison or mitosis converts a zygote to a blastocyst.
Cleavage
Structure during prenatal development consisting of trophoblast cells and an inner mass of cells that develop into the embryo.
Blastocyst
How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
Mitosis takes place during growth and repair.

Meiosis takes place during reproduction.
What occurs by the end of the first week when the blastocyst stops traveling and becomes imbedded in the prepared endometrium?
Implantation
What is the inner most lining of the uterus?
Endometrium
What is another name for layer of peripheral cells that the blastocysts consists of after 7 days of cleavage?
Trophoblast layer
What is the small inner mass of embryonic cells that makes up a portion of the blastocysts after 7 days of cleavage?
Embryoblast layer
Which layer gives rise to important prenatal support tissues?
Trophoblast layer
Which layer gives rise to the embryo during the second prenatal period?
Embryoblast layer
Congenital malformation, which is a result of a disturbance during meiosis during fertalization, that has an extra chromosome number 21 after meiotic division.
Down Syndrome
Whay congenital malformation would a child have with appearances such as a broad, flat face with wide set eyes; a flat bridged nose; epicanthic folds; oblique eyelid fissures; a furrowed lower lip; fissures of the tongue; hypertrophy of the lingual papillae; and various levels of mental retardation?
Downs Syndrome
What period begins from the second week to the end of the eighth week?
Embryonic period of prenatal development
What period includes induction, proliferation, diffentiation, morphogenesis, and maturation?
Embryonic period
Structure derived from an implanted blastocyst.
Embryo
The first physiological process that is involved in the beginning of most embryological development which is the action of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue.
Induction
Physiological process that follows induction which is controlled levels of cellular growth that are present during most of the embryological development.
Proliferation
Growth which occurs deep within a tissue or organ.
Interstitial
Growth in which tissue enlarges its size by the addition of layers on the outside of a structure.
Appositional
Process where change occurs in the embryonic cells and cells are created that perform specialized functions and creates a system.
Differentiation
Development of different cell types.
Cytodifferentiation
Development of different cell tissues within a structure.
Histodifferentiation
Development of the differing structure.
Morphodifferentiation
Process of development of specific tissue morphology.
Morphogenesis
What results from the migration of embryonic cells and the induction interaction of those cells?
Morphogenesis
Physiological process of the tissue and orgins which begins during the embryological period and continues during the later fetal period.
Maturation
At what point is an embryo a recognizable human?
At the end of the eighth week or embryonic period
An increased number in embryonic cells, which are the germ layers within the blastocyst.
Embryonic cell layers
Developed from blastocyst and appears as a flattened, circular plate of bilayered cells.
Bilaminar embryonic disc
What two layers makes up the bilaminar disc?
Superior epiblast layer and the Inferior hypoblast layer
Two fluid filled cavities that suspends the bilaminar disc in the uterus's endometrium.
Amniotic cavity
Serves as initial nourishment for the embryonic disc and faces they hypoblast layer.
Yolk sac
Prenatal organ that joins the pregnant woman and developing embryo.
Develops from the interactions of the trophoblast layer and endometrial tissues.
Placenta