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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Criteria of Simple Cyst |
1. anechoic 2. well-defined borders 3. posterior enhancement |
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At what measurement do Simple Cysts rarely regress? |
>10cm |
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At what measurement is a Simple Cyst usually removed during 2nd trimester pregnancy? |
>8cm |
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What are Functional Cysts? |
hormonally active cysts (normal) |
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Normal size range of Functional Cysts |
0.5mm - 3cm |
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Follow-up is usually done for Functional Cysts measuring.... |
3-5cm |
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What are the 4 Functional Cysts |
1. follicular 2. corpus luteal 3. hemorrhagic 4. theca lutein |
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Follicular Cyst Appearance |
- unilocular - anechoic - thin-walled - posterior enhancement - 3-8mm (max - 3cm) |
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Corpus Luteum Cyst |
forms from the rupture of graafian follicle within hours of ovulation - occurs on 1 ovary per month |
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What happens to the CL Cyst with no pregnancy? |
continue to grow OR hemorrhage on itself |
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What happens to the CL Cyst with pregnancy? |
regresses by 14 weeks |
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A cyst is not considered a Corpus Luteum Cyst until what measurement? |
>3cm |
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Appearance of CL Cyst |
- hyperechoic, irregular walls - echogenic content - maybe solid - unilateral |
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Theca Lutein Cysts |
most commonly a result of overstimulation of hCG (infertility treatments or GTD) |
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Measurements of Theca Lutein Cysts |
3-20cm |
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What Complications might happen due to Theca Lutein Cysts being large? |
- rupture - torsion |
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Treatment for Theca Lutein Cysts |
- remove hormones - remove GTD |
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Appearance of Theca Lutein Cysts |
- complex - strands within **BILATERAL - enlarged ovaries |
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Hemorrhagic Cysts |
bleeding into a cyst |
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What does Hemorhhagic Cyst result in? |
acute pelvic pain |
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Appearance of Hemorrhagic Cysts |
acute - anechoic subacute - mixed echo late - hyperechoic |
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How to differentiate Hemorrhagic Cyst from Ovarian Mass? |
hemorrhage - smooth walls - lack of color flow - posterior enhancement |
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What might happen if a Hemorrhagic Cyst is not resolved? |
torsion |
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PCOD - Polycystic Ovary Disease |
Endocrinologic disorder
- sometimes called Stein-Levanthal Syndrome **syndromes need 3 or more symptoms |
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What is PCOD associated with? |
chronic anovulation |
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How is PCOD diagnosed? |
blood work |
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Signs / Symptoms of PCOD |
- obesity - hirutism (excess hair growth, upper lip) - oligomenorrhea / amenorrhea - infertility |
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Appearance of PCOD |
- BILATERAL multiple cysts - surrounding periphery - 2-10mm *string of pearls appearance |
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Ovarian Torsion ** does not occur in normal ovaries |
caused by partial of complete rotation of ovary on axis |
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Progression of Ovarian Torsion (4 steps) |
1. cuts off venous drainage 2. congestion / edema 3. arterial perfusion ceases 4. infarcts / dies |
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Risk Factors of Ovarian Torsion |
- preexisting ovarian cyst / mass - children with mobile adnexa (too much space, ovaries float) - pregnancy |
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Appearance of Ovarian Torsion |
- enlarged ovary **maybe arterial flow but ABSENT venous flow!!! |
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In acute Ovarion Torsion, patient will be feeling.... |
SEVERE PAIN |
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Paraovarian Cysts |
located between fallopian tubes & ovary |
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Appearance of Paraovarian Cysts |
**cyst SEPERATE from ovary - complex |
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Malignancy may develop in Paraovarian Cysts larger than.... |
5mm |
