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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law What is the pristine myth? |
The idea that the Americas were a sparsely populated wildernes steeming with ungulates– A world of barely perceptible human disturbance |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law Why was thelandscape different in 1750 than 1492? |
Human presence was less visible in 1750 than in 1492 |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law Considering thekey leaders and authors who helped move the American conscious from anadversarial to a beneficial view of nature around the turn of the century, howdid they help shape the new American psyche around nature? |
Jonh Muir/Aldo Leopold/Henry David Thoreau wrote narratives of the change of attitudes and groups emerged. (John Muir and other men created the sierra club, boyscouts, and other groups; Aldo Leopold helped create idea of sustainable yield and wildlife mgmt) By the 1800s society had a healthful, positive image of the outdoors |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law When was theNational Park Service established? Why? |
1916 - For preservation of the integrity and beauty of the outdoors, and for ethical reasons of sustaining the biotic community (life) |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law Why was theestablishment of the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation important? |
they planned outdoor recreation opportunities for the Interior Department and assisted private, local, and state organizations |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law What was theHeritage Conservation and Recreation Service and when was it established? |
(1977)
Provided federal funding to preserve, acquire, maintain, and develop historic, natural and recreation sites Functions: Land and Water Conservation Fund National Recreation Trail designations Planning and coordination |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law Describe when andthe why the U.S. Forest Service was established. |
Created 1891 under the Land Revision Act To manage land use for different interests (logging, recreation, mining, species, etc.) |
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Evolution of Attitudes and Environmental Law How did the Multiple Use Sustained Yield Act relate to outdoorrecreation? |
It stated recreation as a sustainable resource |
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Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and Limits ofAcceptable Change Why is thechallenge of managing outdoor recreation in the U.S. so difficult? |
There are so many different levels of rec opportunities that create different outcomes depending on the settings and individuals' choice and ideas. |
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Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and Limits ofAcceptable Change What are thethree components of an outdoor recreation system? |
1. Resource Base 2. Users 3. Development of sitefacilities |
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Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and Limits ofAcceptable Change What are the six classification types included on the ROS spectrum? |
1. Access 2. Other non-rec uses 3. On site management 4. Social interactions 5. Standards for each opportunity class 6. Acceptable level of regimentation |
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Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and Limits ofAcceptable Change What are somedimensions that distinguish the differences in the ROS spectrum (e.g.remoteness)? |
location, recreation user, environmental impact, wildlife conservation, economics, policies, locals/ tourists, preservation (esp. historical, culture) |
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Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and Limits ofAcceptable Change How does the ROSwork? |
by providing a guideline for forest managers to: -Takeinventory of supply of recreation opportunities -Analyze effects of other activities on the supply of recreation activities -Analyze consequences of management decisions on recreation opportunities -Link user demand with available opportunities -Identify complementary roles for regional recreation suppliers -Establish standards and guidelines for recreation settings |
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Recreation Opportunity Spectrum and Limits ofAcceptable Change What is the Limits of Acceptable Change planning process (LAC), and howdoes it work within the ROS? |
Deciding how much change will beallowed to occur, where, and the actions needed to control it Meets the acceptable change limits within the ROC framework (user supply & demand) |
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Benefits of Outdoor Recreation Describe theevolution of the three types of management approaches? |
Activities based (70s-80s) -focused on facilities not relative settings and experience Experience based (80s-present) -explained psychological and setting relationships Benefits based (90s-present) -expanded perspectives of benefits on site and off site |
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Benefits of Outdoor Recreation Why didbenefits-based management (BBM) become an important management tool as Idiscussed in class? |
Benefits provide statistical, tangible data for management services to use as a tool to get funding, advertise programs, and justify the need to conserve and protect wilderness/recreation areas. |
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Benefits of Outdoor Recreation What types ofnuances help us understand benefits from outdoor recreation? |
-Preventive or maintenance -Hierarchical or nested levels -Relationships and associations -Short term and Long term |
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Benefits of Outdoor Recreation What types ofbenefits are there? (Categories of benefits?) |
Personal- health, spiritual, psychological etc. Social- community development, cultural identity etc. Economic- employment, tourism, rec goods etc. Environmental- health and protection, awareness, investments etc. |
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Restorative Experience What was sorevolutionary about the Manhattan Hospital case study and how does it relate tothe restorative experience of nature? |
Staff noticed significant improvements in quarantine patients with tuberculosis when moved to an outdoor environment (tents) - some even discharged being cured of their "insanity" |
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Restorative Experience What is biophilia? |
the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life and a need to reconnect with nature to bring forward our true inner sense of self |
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Restorative Experience What is ourcurrent relationship with nature and its subsequent effects? |
Very disconnected, addicted to dependence on industrial society &"autistic" in the way they relate to the natural world, spend very little time outdoors which contributes to mental fatigue and stress |
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Restorative Experience What do someauthors believe when considering human’s relationship with the natural worldand its subsequent effects? What do youthink? |
That humans have become lost, or acting abnormally because they cannot reconcile this inner struggle |
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Restorative Experience Why was RichardLouv’s book so important? |
It talks about the negative effects that not spending time outdoors is having on kids, and is a warning for humanity and the state of the world |
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Restorative Experience Understand thefour elements of the restorative experience and be able to describe how theywork to facilitate a restorative experience in nature. |
Compatibility - environmental patterns, individual's inclinations, actions required Being Away - escape from something that is not preferable, away from distraction, taking rest Soft Fascination - involuntary pull, allows for reflection Extent- connectedness emotionally, grand scale scope |
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Readings: Watters According toWatters, when did we begin to see outdoor recreation resources as beneficial? Who led the movement? |
the late 60's with the advent of common adventure programs like Outward Bound and Nols and the spreading to universities Movement led by Kurt Hahn (OB), |
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Readings: Watters Why was Kurt Hahnso influential? |
Kurt Hahn developed the training for what is now outward bound, which was a huge influence in the spread of benefits based recreation in the U.S. |
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Readings: Watters When did OutwardBound come to the United States and who brought it? Why do you think OutwardBound was so initially successful? |
Joshua Miner - 1962 successful because of recognized benefits - outdoor education skills & also developing character strengths |
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Readings: Watters Who was PaulPetzoldt and why was he important? |
Paul Petzoldt was an early American climber, started NOLS (2nd largest outdoor school) |
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Readings: Thoreau In, “Walking”, what was the theme of what Thoreau was trying to discuss? |
Walking is a practice of being present and mindful of your surroundings. Wildness is the preservation of the world. Wilderness is good for the soul. |
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Readings: Stankey and Clark Understand eachclass and how they are defined that make up the Recreation OpportunitySpectrum. This can be supplemented by lecture as well. |
primitive, semi-primitive non-motorized, semi-primitive motorized, roaded natural, rural, urban |
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Reading: On Site and Off Site Benefits What was the keypurpose of this article? |
to understand the benefits of outdoor recreation and how to create the optimal experience for the user |
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Reading: On Site and Off Site Benefits What did it tellus about the benefits of outdoor recreation? |
there are benefits on site and off site of an outdoor experience and can occur out of conscious awareness affecting psychology, physiology, social, economic, and environmental systems |
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Reading: On Site and Off Site Benefits What are optimalexperiences? How do they relate to benefits? |
a psychological state considered to be special, meaningful, and/or out-of-the-ordinary are characterized by intense focus on a stimulus, an altered sense of time, and loss of consciousness of the self; peak experiences as a "temporary turning away from the real world"which results in "moments of highest happiness and fulfillment creates added benefits off-site, however after a certain amount, acts as an addiction and creates negative benefits |
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Reading: On Site and Off Site Benefits What did youthink of the finding about the addictive nature of optimal experiences? |
OPINION~ Agree: woot! high & low Wonder: is it us or environment? "real world" |
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Reading: Kaplan and Kaplan Experience of Nature Why do we needrestorative environments? |
they provide spaces for psychological healing - not just an escape from mental fatigue esp.; to rest the overworked capacity of directed attention |
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Reading: Kaplan and Kaplan Experience of Nature What are the twokinds of attention? |
Involuntary- no effort at all Directed - forcing oneself to pay attention to something uninteresting/generic by inhibiting everything else; no varied stimuli |
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Reading: Kaplan and Kaplan Experience of Nature Define andunderstand the keep components of the restorative experience. |
Escape from: distraction, particular content, mental strain (taking mental rest) |
