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26 Cards in this Set
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Considerable variation in the size of cells that are usually uniform
Can be measured by RDW |
Anisocytosis
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Immature forms of neutrophils w/ a crescent shaped nucleus
Increase = "Left shift" |
Bands
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The presence of free hemoglobin in the blood plasma, as when intravascular hemolysis occurs
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Hemoglobinemia
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Iron overload disorder resulting in accumulation of hemosiderin (an iron storage complex)
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Hemosiderosis
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Dense Circular blue inclusions = nuclear remnants
*Presence suggests defective splenic fxn* |
Howell-Jolly Bodies
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Irregular shaped RBC in peripheral blood
Schistocytes (helmet shaped) Sickle Cells Target Cells (Thalassemia, iron def, hemoglobinopathies) |
Poikilocytosis
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Phagocytic cells that exist to ingest/digest foreign proteins, serve as first line defense against infection
Cells undergoing granulopoiesis and leading to a mature granulocyte |
Segs (segmented neutrophils)
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RBC w/ bull's eye shape
(*Thalassemia*, severe iron def, hemoglobinopathies, hemoglobin C disease, liver disease) |
Target Cell
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Results from breakdown of hemoglobin
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Bilirubin
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Free floating bilirubin
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unconjugated bilirubin
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Bilirubin altered by the liver and secreted into the intestines
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Conjugated bilirubin
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Test looks at RBC to see if they are coated with antibodies
Test for autoimmune or transfusion reaction |
Coombs test (Direct antiglobulin)
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Test screens blood serum for antibodies to blood transfused
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Coombs test (indirect antiglobulin)
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The rate at which erythrocytes settle in the plasma
Useful in monitoring inflammatory conditions Increased: infection, malignancy, inflammatory disease, chronic anemia, chronic renal disease, temporal arteritis Decreased: Polycythemia Vera, Corticosteroids, spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia |
ESR = Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
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Major iron storage form, normally present in serum
Elevation may be due to inflammation (positive acute phase reactant) Decrease = low iron storage |
Ferritin
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Needed for RBC and WBC fxn
Formed by bacteria in intestines, stored in liver Test indicated for megaloblastic anemia |
Folic Acid Level
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Screening test to detect and differentiate variant and abnormal hemoglobins
Movement of charged particles Indicated for eval of: Thalassemia, Sickle Cell, hemoglobinopathies |
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
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A requirement for erythropoiesis; test for deficiency with a decrease in RBC
RDA = 10-15 mg/day Pregnant/menstruating = 15-30 mg/day |
Iron
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% total transferrin that is saturated with iron
Low = maybe iron deficiency High = iron levels saturate transferrin binding protein |
Transferrin Saturation = Tsat
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Follow up test to abnormal CBC or differential; looking for Poikilocytosis
Indication: anemia, sickle cell, thrombocytopenia, lymphoma, DIC, myeloproliferative disorder |
Peripheral Blood smear
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Time it takes for clot formation to occur after the addition of thromboplastin and calcium chloride
Normal PT = 10-13 seconds |
Prothrombin Time (PT/INR)
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Measures the extrinsic pathway; used for PT on warfarin or Coumadin
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PT/INR
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Clotting time in seconds after addition of partial thromboplastin, calcium chloride and an activator to PT plasma
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Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
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Used to screen for deficiencies of the intrinsic pathway
Used for PT on Heparin |
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
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Measurement of all protein available for binding mobile iron
Elevated indicated iron deficiency (increase b/c low free iron) |
Total Iron binding capacity = TIBC
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Required co-factor for DNA synthesis
Lack of causes delay in maturation = macrocytic RBC and hypersegmented neutrophils Diagnostic for pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia |
Vitamin B12 level
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