Ou Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Name the two layers of fascia and characteristics of each

Back 1

superficial - loose, fatty
deep - thin fibrous, no fat

Front 2

Extrinsic:

Back 2

muscle hat has it's origins outside an organ or part
ie: muscles in forearm run hand

Front 3

Intrinsic:

Back 3

muscle that has its' origins outside an organ or part
ie: muscles in hand run hand

Front 4

Process:

Back 4

used for muscle attachment

Front 5

Facet

Back 5

smooth spot located on a process

Front 6

fossa

Back 6

depression

Front 7

foramen

Back 7

hole or opening

Front 8

tubercle/tuberosity

Back 8

bump from muscle attachment
can be used for muscle reconstruction

Front 9

name of C7 vertebra

Back 9

vertebra prominens

Front 10

general causes of curvatures of vertebral column

Back 10

development and support

Front 11

why is the vertebral column curved

Back 11

to better support our weight

Front 12

name 3 abnormalities of vertebral column

Back 12

scoliosis
kyphosis
lordosis

Front 13

scoliosis

Back 13

CURVED BACK - most common it is a abnormal lateral curvature (typically in thoracic region)

Cause: development

Front 14

kyphosis

Back 14

HUNCH BACK - exaggerated thoracic curvature

Cause: old age, osteoporosis, vertebral compression

Front 15

lordosis

Back 15

SWAY BACK - protrusion of abdomen and buttocks

Cause: pregnancy; obesity

Front 16

name 3 three functions of vertebra

Back 16

support body weight
restrict movement
protect spinal cord

Front 17

articular:

Back 17

when one bone meets another

Front 18

what two structures comprise the “vertebral arch?”

Back 18

lamina
pedicle

Front 19

fcn of vertebral arch

Back 19

protects spinal cord

Front 20

how do spinal nerves travel

Back 20

intervertebral foramen

Front 21

what houses the spinal cord

Back 21

vertebral foramen

Front 22

characteristics of cervical vertebra

Back 22

bifid spinous process
support weight of head
transverse foramen

Front 23

characteristics of thoracic vertebra

Back 23

no transverse foramen (foramina)
no bifid SP
costal facets - articulate w/ rib
long inferiorly pointing SP
heart shaped body

Front 24

characteristics of lumbar vertebra

Back 24

massive to support weight
no transverse foramina
no costal facets
"extra" processes for mm attachment

Front 25

characteristics of coccyx vertebra and how many are there

Back 25

fused
no vertebral canal
tailbone
3-5

Front 26

fcn of transverse foramen

Back 26

protective passageway for vertebral arteries

Front 27

two special characteristics of C1- atlus

Back 27

no bifid spinus process
lacks body

Front 28

where are costal facets located

Back 28

body and transverse processes of vertebra

Front 29

fcn of annulus fibrosus

Back 29

sticks one vertebra to another
*has fibrocartilage point

Front 30

fcn of nucleus pulposus

Back 30

shock absorber
allows for movement

Front 31

features of nucleus pulposus

Back 31

more elastic
not centered in disk
high H20 content (dec w/ age)

Front 32

characteristics of anterior longitudinal ligament

Back 32

strong
anterior side of centra
extends form occipital none to sacrum

Front 33

fcn of anterior longitudinal ligament

Back 33

prevent hyperextension of vertebral column

Front 34

characteristics of posterior longitudinal ligament

Back 34

narrower, weeker
posterior side of centra
extends from C2 to sacrum

Front 35

fcn of posterior poster longitudinal ligament

Back 35

prevents hyperflextion and herniation of disc

Front 36

fcn of ligamentum flavum

Back 36

connects laminae of vertebra
maintains erect position of vertebral column

Front 37

fcn of superficial back muscles

Back 37

connect upper limb to trunk
move/stabilize pectoral girdle or move arm

Front 38

where do most people herniate a disc

Back 38

between:
L4/L5 or L5/S1

Front 39

how do you get whiplash

Back 39

violent hyperextension of neck

Front 40

what three deep back muscles aid in respiration (secondarily)

Back 40

serratus posterior superior - elevates ribs
serratus posterior inferior - depresses ribs
levator costurm - elevates rib

Front 41

what two groups of muscles make up the true or intrinsic mm of back

Back 41

erector spinae
transversospinalis

Front 42

what muscles make up the transversospinalis

Back 42

semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores

Front 43

what muscles cause movement at atlanto-occipital joint
all fcn in extension of head/neck

Back 43

rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
oblique capitis superior

Front 44

what muscles cause movement at atlantoaxial joint
all fcn in rotation of head/neck

Back 44

rectus capitis posterior major
oblique capitis inferior

Front 45

which gluteal muscles do NOT fcn in lateral rotation of thigh

Back 45

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

Front 46

what two nerves are part of the sciatic

Back 46

tibial fibular
common fibular

Front 47

fcn of dura mater

Back 47

provide stability to spinal cord

Front 48

fcn of CSF (from subarachnoid space)

Back 48

shock absorber
diffusion medium

Front 49

fcn of pia matter

Back 49

contains network of blood vessels that supply spinal cord

Front 50

fcn of decticulate ligaments

Back 50

connect pia to dura mater
stabilize lateral movement of spinal cord

Front 51

what are the two types of neural tissue in brain and spinal cord

Back 51

white matter
gray matter

Front 52

how does info move in white and gray matter

Back 52

white- up and down via columns
gray - in and out via horns

Front 53

where is a spinal tab performed

Back 53

between L2 and sacrum in subarachnoid space to remove CSF

Front 54

damage to spinal nerve will produce

Back 54

loss of sensation
paralysis

Front 55

example of monosynaptic reflex

Back 55

stretch reflex (knee jerk)

Front 56

example of polysynaptic reflex

Back 56

Golgi tendon reflex
withdraw reflex
pain

Front 57

spinal reflex arc

Back 57

pathway of sensory impulses from receptors to effector with first going to brain