Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chyme
|
food + saliva + gastric juice + bile + pancreatic juice
|
|
speed of molecules emptying stomach
|
carbs- fastest
proteins fats- slowest |
|
t/f
defecation is a spinal reflex |
true
|
|
common symptoms of constipation
|
straining
passing hard/dry, small stool incomplete evacuation/bloating |
|
drugs that may induce constipation
|
narcotics
anticholinergics supplements such as Ca and Fe |
|
lifestyle factors that may induce constipation
|
low fiber diet
dehydration immobility |
|
medical conditions that may lead to constipation
|
diabetes
irritable bowel syndrome parkinson's disease MS hypothyroidism |
|
normal adult fiber intake
|
20-35 grams/day
|
|
normal adult fluid intake
|
32-128 oz of water/day
|
|
exclusions for self treatment of constipation
|
marked abdominal pain or significant distention or cramping
marked or unexplained flatulence fever nausea and/or vomiting paraplegia or quadraplegia daily laxative use unexplained changes in bowel habits, especially if accompanied by weight loss blood in stool or dark or tarry stool change in caliber of stool persist for > 2 weeks or recur w/i 3 months symptoms recur after dietary changes history of IBD |
|
bulk forming agents
|
Citrucel, Metamucil, Psyllium, Fibercon
MOA: dissolve or swell in the intestine stimulating peristalsis Onset: 12-24 hrs, up to 72 hrs ADRs: increased flatulence, cramping, bowel or esophageal obstruction Contraindications: GI ulcerations, stenosis Drug interactions: warfarin, digoxin, salicylates caution: fluid restrictions usually safe first choice |
|
emollient laxatives
|
Docusate
indication: avoid straining MOA: stool softener onset: 24-72 hrs, up to 5 days ADRs: rare CI: nausea/vomiting, symptoms of appendicitis DI: mineral oil must be > 6 yrs old |
|
saline (osmotic) laxatives
|
Magnesium Citrate
MOA: nonabsorbable anions and cations that cause an osmotic effect in the small intestine resulting in retention of fluid in the lumen onset: 0.5-3 hrs po, 2-5 min pr ADRs: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance pr > 2 yrs old, po > 5 yrs old acute evacuation prep for colonoscopy or suspected drug poisoning CI: ileostomy, colostomy, dehydration syndromes, CHF, renal impairments, sodium retention and edema |