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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
chyme
food + saliva + gastric juice + bile + pancreatic juice
speed of molecules emptying stomach
carbs- fastest
proteins
fats- slowest
t/f
defecation is a spinal reflex
true
common symptoms of constipation
straining
passing hard/dry, small stool
incomplete evacuation/bloating
drugs that may induce constipation
narcotics
anticholinergics
supplements such as Ca and Fe
lifestyle factors that may induce constipation
low fiber diet
dehydration
immobility
medical conditions that may lead to constipation
diabetes
irritable bowel syndrome
parkinson's disease
MS
hypothyroidism
normal adult fiber intake
20-35 grams/day
normal adult fluid intake
32-128 oz of water/day
exclusions for self treatment of constipation
marked abdominal pain or significant distention or cramping
marked or unexplained flatulence
fever
nausea and/or vomiting
paraplegia or quadraplegia
daily laxative use
unexplained changes in bowel habits, especially if accompanied by weight loss
blood in stool or dark or tarry stool
change in caliber of stool
persist for > 2 weeks or recur w/i 3 months
symptoms recur after dietary changes
history of IBD
bulk forming agents
Citrucel, Metamucil, Psyllium, Fibercon
MOA: dissolve or swell in the intestine stimulating peristalsis
Onset: 12-24 hrs, up to 72 hrs
ADRs: increased flatulence, cramping, bowel or esophageal obstruction
Contraindications: GI ulcerations, stenosis
Drug interactions: warfarin, digoxin, salicylates
caution: fluid restrictions
usually safe first choice
emollient laxatives
Docusate
indication: avoid straining
MOA: stool softener
onset: 24-72 hrs, up to 5 days
ADRs: rare
CI: nausea/vomiting, symptoms of appendicitis
DI: mineral oil
must be > 6 yrs old
saline (osmotic) laxatives
Magnesium Citrate
MOA: nonabsorbable anions and cations that cause an osmotic effect in the small intestine resulting in retention of fluid in the lumen
onset: 0.5-3 hrs po, 2-5 min pr
ADRs: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
pr > 2 yrs old, po > 5 yrs old
acute evacuation
prep for colonoscopy or suspected drug poisoning
CI: ileostomy, colostomy, dehydration syndromes, CHF, renal impairments, sodium retention and edema