Ota - Pharmacology - General And Local Anaesthetics

Front 1

Propofol:
- is a dissociative intravenous anaesthetic
- can be used for conscious sedation (for short-lasting interventions)
- causes respiratory depression
- is an associative inhalational anaesthetic

Back 1

Propofol:
- can be used for conscious sedation (for short-lasting interventions)+
- causes respiratory depression+

Front 2

Local anaesthetics:
- cannot be used intra-articularly
- some local anaesthetics can be used as antiarrhythmics
- some local anaesthetics can be used as cardiotonics
- can be favorably used together with epinephrine for infiltrative application (into the tissue)

Back 2

Local anaesthetics:
- some local anaesthetics can be used as antiarrhythmics+
- can be favorably used together with epinephrine for infiltrative application (into the tissue)+

Front 3

Thiopental:
- is a local anaesthetic
- can be used for rectal sedation (especially in children)
- can be used also in acute cerebral hypertension by cerebral edema
- doesn’t cause breath depression, on the contrary it acts as bronchodilators

Back 3

Thiopental:
- can be used for rectal sedation (especially in children)+
- can be used also in acute cerebral hypertension by cerebral edema+

Front 4

Lidocaine is a:
- general anaesthetics
- local anaesthetics
- spasmolytics
- antiarrhythmics

Back 4

Lidocaine is a:
- local anaesthetics+
- antiarrhythmics+

Front 5

Mark the drug combination used for analgosedation in clinical practice (including trauma medicine):
- fentanyl with aminophenazone
- ketimine with midazolam
- fentanyl with midazolam
- fentanyl with suxamethonium

Back 5

Mark the drug combination used for analgosedation in clinical practice (including trauma medicine):
- ketimine with midazolam+
- fentanyl with midazolam+

Front 6

Which effect(s) of atropine makes it useful as a general anaesthesia premedication:
- atropine causes bronchodilatation
- atropine reduces heart rate
- atropine reduces gastrointestinal secretions
- atropine causes peripheral vasoconstriction

Back 6

Which effect(s) of atropine makes it useful as a general anaesthesia premedication:
- atropine causes bronchodilatation+
- atropine reduces gastrointestinal secretions+

Front 7

Local anaesthetics:
- can be mutually combined within the same drug group
- are commonly combined with vasodilators
- are used in lower doses, when injected into soft and hyperemic tissues or in higher pH
- are used in lower doses, when injected into inflammatory tissue

Back 7

Local anaesthetics:
- can be mutually combined within the same drug group+
- are used in lower doses, when injected into soft and hyperemic tissues or in higher pH +

Front 8

Ketamine:
- is an associative general anaesthetic
- is an effective analgesic advantageously used in bone and muscular pain, and in burns
- causes respiratory depression, cannot be used in asthma
- does not cause respiratory depression, it is a bronchodilator

Back 8

Ketamine:
- is an effective analgesic advantageously used in bone and muscular pain, and in burns+
- does not cause respiratory depression, it is a bronchodilator+

Front 9

Lidocaine:
- is used in a pressor response to tracheal intubation (IV bolus)
- in topical application induces strong, fast, only several minutes lasting local anaesthetic effect
- in topical application induces strong, fast, 1-2 hours lasting local anaesthetic effect
- can be used as antiarrhythmic in bradycardia

Back 9

Lidocaine:
- is used in a pressor response to tracheal intubation (IV bolus)+
- in topical application induces strong, fast, 1-2 hours lasting local anaesthetic effect+

Front 10

Thiopental:
- inhibits respiratory center, can cause bronchospams
- increases blood pressure
- increase intracranial pressure
- has a short-lasting effect (lasting for about 10 min when given IV)

Back 10

Thiopental:
- inhibits respiratory center, can cause bronchospams+
- has a short-lasting effect (lasting for about 10 min when given IV) +

Front 11

Fentanyl:
- can be used for general anaesthesia induction
- can be used in injection, transdermal and buccal drug form
- has long-lasting massive effects
- is about 5 times stronger analgesic as sufentanil

Back 11

Fentanyl:
- can be used for general anaesthesia induction+
- can be used in injection, transdermal and buccal drug form+

Front 12

Inhalation general anaesthetics
- are e.g. propofol and etomidate
- cause associative general anesthesia
- cannot be used for sedation or self-service analgesia
- are e.g. isoflurane and sevoflurane

Back 12

Inhalation general anaesthetics
- cause associative general anesthesia+
- are e.g. isoflurane and sevoflurane+

Front 13

Trimecaine:
- is an antiarrhythmic
- combination with bupivacaine speeds and prolongs its effect
- combination with suxamethonium shortens and lowers its effect
- cannot be used for epidural anaesthesia

Back 13

Trimecaine:
- is an antiarrhythmic+
- combination with bupivacaine speeds and prolongs its effect+

Front 14

Which are relatively frequent adverse effects of halothane belongs:
- malignant hyperthermia
- heart rate disturbances (especially tachycardia)
- depression of respiratory centre
- hypertension

Back 14

Which are relatively frequent adverse effects of halothane belongs:
- heart rate disturbances (especially tachycardia)+
- depression of respiratory centre+

Front 15

Mark the correct answer(s):
- ropivacaine and mepivacaine cause weak vasoconstriction
- local anaesthetics have amino-ester or amino-amide molecular structure
- local anaesthetics are structurally close to cocaine and that´s why most of them have certain risk of dependency provoking
- local anaesthetics are weak acids

Back 15

Mark the correct answer(s):
- ropivacaine and mepivacaine cause weak vasoconstriction+
- local anaesthetics have amino-ester or amino-amide molecular structure+

Front 16

Mark the correct answer(s):
- articaine is very important local anaesthetic in stomatology
- bupivacaine or levobupivacaine are local anesthetics with long-lasting effect used in epidural anaesthesia
- trimecaine, lidocaine and articaine are amino-ester local anaesthetics
- procaine is amino-amide local anaesthetic

Back 16

Mark the correct answer(s):
- articaine is very important local anaesthetic in stomatology+
- bupivacaine or levobupivacaine are local anesthetics with long-lasting effect used in epidural anaesthesia+

Front 17

Amino-ester local anaesthetics:
- are more widely used than amino-amide local anaesthetics
- are synthetic cocaine derivates
- have higher risks of allergic adverse effects in comparison to amino-amide local anaesthetics
- have lower interaction risks than amino-amide local anaesthetics

Back 17

Amino-ester local anaesthetics:
- are synthetic cocaine derivates+
- have higher risks of allergic adverse effects in comparison to amino-amide local anaesthetics+