Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Presternal region:
- is bordered by the margins of sternum - extends up to the osseous ends of the ribs - it is possible to provide the sternal punture in this region - is anteriorly covered only by the periosteum |
Presternal region:
- is bordered by the margins of sternum+ - it is possible to provide the sternal punture in this region+ |
|
|
Anterior axillary line:
- corresponds to the position of proximal segment of the cephalic vein - runs through the anterior axillary fold - represents the borderline between the axilla and thorax - is perpendicular to the node of Sorgius |
Anterior axillary line:
- runs through the anterior axillary fold+ - represents the borderline between the axilla and thorax+ |
|
|
Intercostal spaces:
- covers on their inner faces the endothoracic fascia - in their middle segments are placed intercostal lymphatic nodes - from the 3rd one caudally do not contain the intercostalis internus - from the 7th caudally leave them the intercostal nerves, which descend to the abdominal wall |
Intercostal spaces:
- covers on their inner faces the endothoracic fascia+ - from the 7th caudally leave them the intercostal nerves, which descend to the abdominal wall+ |
|
|
Attachements of the ribs onto the sternum:
- directly to the sternum are attached the 1st – 7th ribs - 1st rib has on the sternum a common attachement with the clavicle - the 8th rib attaches on the cartilage of the 7th rib - the costal cartilages ossify after the 40th year |
Attachements of the ribs onto the sternum:
- directly to the sternum are attached the 1st – 7th ribs+ - the 8th rib attaches on the cartilage of the 7th rib+ |
|
|
The sensitive innervation of the thoracic wall:
- the intercostal nerves innervate the parietal pleura sensitively+ - on this innervation take part the intercostal and supraclavicular nerves+ - parasternally take part on it also the sensitive fibers of the phrenic nerve - along the middle axillary line takes on it part also the long thoracic nerve. |
The sensitive innervation of the thoracic wall:
- the intercostal nerves innervate the parietal pleura sensitively+ - on this innervation take part the intercostal and supraclavicular nerves+ |
|
|
Diaphragm:
- contains in the newborns the physiological oesophageal hernia of Bochdalek - has the costal part, beginning by its tips on the 7th – 12th ribs - is from the parietal layer of pericardium separated by the mediastinal pleura - has its motor innervation from the cervical plexus |
Diaphragm:
- has the costal part, beginning by its tips on the 7th – 12th ribs+ - has its motor innervation from the cervical plexus+ |
|
|
Pleura:
- the pleural cupula proceeds into the scalenovertebral angle - the visceral pleura extends into the interlobar fissures - the parietal pleura does not have the sensitive innervation - the parietal pleura continues into the visceral one around the porta arteriarum pulmonalium |
Pleura:
- the pleural cupula proceeds into the scalenovertebral angle+ - the visceral pleura extends into the interlobar fissures+ |
|
|
The borders of the lungs:
- dorsally correspond to those of the parietal pleura - the left interlobar fissure runs approximately along the 4th rib - the right horizontal interlobar fissure runs along the 4th rib - the left inferior pulmonary lobe completely fills the costo-diaphragmatic recess |
The borders of the lungs:
- dorsally correspond to those of the parietal pleura+ - the right horizontal interlobar fissure runs along the 4th rib+ |
|
|
The division of the mediastinum:
- corresponds to the projection of the pulmonar interlobar fissures - mediastinum is subdivided into the anterior, middle and posterior, the superior one does not exist - anterior mediastinum contains the parasternal lymphatic nodes - whole thoracic part of the oesophagus is placed in the posterior mediastinum |
The division of the mediastinum:
- anterior mediastinum contains the parasternal lymphatic nodes+ - whole thoracic part of the oesophagus is placed in the posterior mediastinum+ |
|
|
Superior mediastinum:
- projects behind the manubrium sterni - contains remnants of thymus and largeveins and arteries - exceeds over the 1st rib into the pleural cupula - on the right side contains the pulmonary ligament |
Superior mediastinum:
- projects behind the manubrium sterni+ - contains remnants of thymus and largeveins and arteries+ |
|
|
Middle mediastinum:
- contains heart in the pericardial sac - on the right side contains the vagus n. - caudally does not extends to the diaphragm - between the parietal pleura and pericardium run through it the phrenic nerves |
Middle mediastinum:
- contains heart in the pericardial sac+ - between the parietal pleura and pericardium run through it the phrenic nerves+ |
|
|
Abdominal regions:
- the epigastrium is space between the anterior wall of stomach and the diaphragm - the hypogastrium is space between the posterior wall of stomach and anterior face of the pancreas - the pubic region is the same area as the hypogastrium - the term „hypochondrium“ designates the subcostal region |
Abdominal regions:
- the pubic region is the same area as the hypogastrium+ - the term „hypochondrium“ designates the subcostal region+ |
|
|
Sensitive innervation of the abdominal wall:
- comes from the intercostal nerves and from some nerves of the lumbar plexus - comes only from the nerves of the lumbar plexus - parietal peritoneum is on the right side innervated by the vagus n. and on the left by the sympathetic fibres - the Head´s zones project the abdominal organs into the other body regions |
Sensitive innervation of the abdominal wall:
- comes from the intercostal nerves and from some nerves of the lumbar plexus+ - the Head´s zones project the abdominal organs into the other body regions+ |
|
|
Motor innervation of the abdominal muscles:
- comes from the sacral plexus - has its sources in the intercostal nerves and partially in the lumbar plexus - does not come from the phrenic nerve - all abdominal muscles have their innervation from the dorsal rami of L1 - L5 |
Motor innervation of the abdominal muscles:
- has its sources in the intercostal nerves and partially in the lumbar plexus+ - does not come from the phrenic nerve+ |
|
|
The rectus sheath:
- has not the same arrangement along the whole length of the muscle - is attached to the muscle by the tendinous intersections - is not covered below the umbilicus by the transversal fascia - continues onto the thigh as the medial part of fascia lata |
The rectus sheath:
- has not the same arrangement along the whole length of the muscle+ - is attached to the muscle by the tendinous intersections+ |
|
|
The direct inguinal hernia:
- passes the whole inguinal canal - passes the medial inguinal fossa - runs medially to the inferior epigastric vasa - presses in front to it the cord of umbilical artery |
The direct inguinal hernia:
- passes the medial inguinal fossa+ - runs medially to the inferior epigastric vasa+ |
|
|
The indirect inguinal hernia:
- cannot contain the loops of the small intestine - passes the whole inguinal canal - in a form of inborn hernia appears also by the girls - does not appear by the men |
The indirect inguinal hernia:
- passes the whole inguinal canal+ - in a form of inborn hernia appears also by the girls+ |
|
|
The attachement of the transverse mesocolon:
- separates the tributary regions of the coeliac trunk and the mesenteric arteries - separates the innervation regions of the vagus n. and the of sacral parasympathetic nn. - crosses the descending part of the duodenum - separates the tributary regions of the portal vein and the azygos vein |
The attachement of the transverse mesocolon:
- separates the tributary regions of the coeliac trunk and the mesenteric arteries+ - crosses the descending part of the duodenum+ |
|
|
Duodenum:
- consists of the descending, infrapancreatic and the ascending part - most of it is placed secondary retroperitoneally - is supplied by the branches of coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric a. - whole duodenum belongs to the contents of the supramesocolic part of the abdominal cavity |
Duodenum:
- most of it is placed secondary retroperitoneally+ - is supplied by the branches of coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric a.+ |
|
|
Omental bursa (lesser sac):
- is placed in the supramesocolic part of the abdominal cavity - is placed secondary retroperitoneally - its posterior wall represents the transversal fascia - is developmental derivative of both the ventral and dorsal mesentery |
Omental bursa (lesser sac):
- is placed in the supramesocolic part of the abdominal cavity+ - is developmental derivative of both the ventral and dorsal mesentery+ |
|
|
Hepatoduodenal ligament:
- contains the common bile duct and the portal vein - is another term for the round hepatic ligament - is absent by the agenesis of the gall bladder - represents the caudal margin of the original ventral mesentery |
Hepatoduodenal ligament:
- contains the common bile duct and the portal vein+ - represents the caudal margin of the original ventral mesentery+ |
|
|
Portal vein:
- originates as the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric vein - is placed in the hepatic porta ventrally to the cystic duct - does not accept the veins from the head of pancreas - drains also the blood from the greater omentum |
Portal vein:
- originates as the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric vein+ - drains also the blood from the greater omentum+ |
|
|
Spleen:
- is placed ventrally to the left colic flexure - its long axis is parallel to the 10th rib - its whole surface is covered by the visceral peritoneum - is attached to the diaphragm by the splenocolic ligament |
Spleen:
- its long axis is parallel to the 10th rib+ - its whole surface is covered by the visceral peritoneum+ |
|
|
Gall bladder:
- has in its wall a layer of smooth muscle cells - its fundus projects into the McBurney´s point - consists of fundus, body and neck - is not developed in the newborns |
Gall bladder:
- its fundus projects into the McBurney´s point - is not developed in the newborns |
|
|
The renal sheaths:
- their arrangement is bilaterally symmetrical - represent in the adults only the fibrous capsule and the pararenal fat pad - in the median line continue fluently from the left to the right - on their construction takes part the renal fascia |
The renal sheaths:
- their arrangement is bilaterally symmetrical+ - on their construction takes part the renal fascia+ |
|
|
Scapular notch (Incisura scapulae):
- is a notch on lateral edge of the blade bone - contains vasa suprascapularia - is bridged by superior transverse scapular ligament - contains n. suprascapularis |
Scapular notch (Incisura scapulae):
- is bridged by superior transverse scapular ligament+ - contains n. suprascapularis+ |
|
|
Omotricipital foramen (Foramen omotricipitale):
- is bordered by humerus medially - is bordered by m. teres minor proximally - contains vasa circumflexa scapulae - contains n. infrascapularis |
Omotricipital foramen (Foramen omotricipitale):
- is bordered by m. teres minor proximally+ - contains vasa circumflexa scapulae+ |
|
|
Humerotricipital foramen (Foramen humerotricipitale):
- is bordered by humerus laterally - is bordered by m. teres major distally - contains n. axillaris - contains a. circumflexa humeri ant. |
Humerotricipital foramen (Foramen humerotricipitale):
- is bordered by m. teres major distally+ - contains n. axillaris+ |
|
|
Axilla:
- is hexagonal pyramid shaped - is ventrally bordered by m. pectoralis major - is medially bordered by humerus and its muscles - contains terminal part of a. subclavia |
Axilla:
- is ventrally bordered by m. pectoralis major+ - contains terminal part of a. subclavia+ |
|
|
Medial bicipital groove (Sulcus bicipitalis medialis):
- runs between anterior and lateral group of muscles of the arm - contains n. cutaneus antebrachii med. - contains v. basilica - contains terminal branches of n. musculocutaneus |
Medial bicipital groove (Sulcus bicipitalis medialis):
- contains n. cutaneus antebrachii med.+ - contains v. basilica+ |
|
|
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis):
- is medially bordered by m. pronator teres - contains n. cutaneus antebrachii lat. - is proximally bordered m. biceps brachii - contains terminal branches of n. axillaris |
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis):
- is medially bordered by m. pronator teres+ - is proximally bordered m. biceps brachii+ |
|
|
Pronatory canal (Canalis pronatorius):
- runs between heads of m. supinator - contains n. medianus - contains a. brachialis - runs between heads of m. flexor digitorum spf. |
Pronatory canal (Canalis pronatorius):
- contains n. medianus+ - runs between heads of m. flexor digitorum spf.+ |
|
|
Supinatory canal (Canalis supinatorius):
- runs between portions of m. supinator - contains n. radialis and its branches - contains a. brachialis and its branches - runs between portions of m. flexor digitorum prof. |
Supinatory canal (Canalis supinatorius):
- runs between portions of m. supinator+ - contains n. radialis and its branches+ |
|
|
Foveola radialis:
- is bordered by m. flexor pollicis longus distally - contains v. basilica - contains r. superficialis n. radialis - is bordered by m. abductor pollicis longus palmary |
Foveola radialis:
- contains r. superficialis n. radialis+ - is bordered by m. abductor pollicis longus palmary+ |
|
|
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi):
- is bordered by ossa carpi ulnary - contains n. ulnaris - contains n. medianus - is bordered by lig. carpi obliquum palmary |
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi):
- is bordered by ossa carpi ulnary+ - contains n. medianus+ |
|
|
Ulnar canal (Canalis ulnaris):
- contains n. ulnaris - is bordered by lig. pisohamatum dorsally - is bordered by m. palmaris brevis palmary - contains a. ulnaris |
Ulnar canal (Canalis ulnaris):
- contains n. ulnaris+ - contains a. ulnaris+ |
|
|
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis) contains:
- n. radialis - n. ulnaris - n. medianus - n. axillaris |
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis) contains:
- n. radialis+ - n. medianus+ |
|
|
Axilla contains
- n. radialis - n. suprascapularis - n. infrascapularis - n. ulnaris |
Axilla contains:
- n. radialis+ - n. ulnaris+ |
|
|
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi) contains:
- tendons of m. flexor digitorum spf. - tendons of m. flexor digitorum prof. - r. profundus n. ulnaris - r. profundus n. radialis |
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi) contains:
- tendons of m. flexor digitorum spf.+ - tendons of m. flexor digitorum prof.+ |
|
|
Spinoglenoidal notch (Incisura spinoglenoidalis):
- is bordered by lig. transversum scapulae sup. - contains n. suprascapularis - contains vasa infraglenoidalia - contains vasa suprascapularia |
Spinoglenoidal notch (Incisura spinoglenoidalis):
- contains n. suprascapularis+ - contains vasa suprascapularia+ |
|
|
Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum majus):
- is bordered by lig. sacrospinale medially - is bordered by lig. sacrotuberale caudally - contains vasa glutea sup. - contains vasa glutea inf. |
Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum majus):
- contains vasa glutea sup.+ - contains vasa glutea inf.+ |
|
|
Suprapiriform foramen (Foramen suprapiriforme):
- is bordered by m. piriformis caudally - contains n. gluteus sup. - contains vasa circumflexa femoris post. - contains n. suprapiriformis |
Suprapiriform foramen (Foramen suprapiriforme):
- is bordered by m. piriformis caudally+ - contains n. gluteus sup.+ |
|
|
Infrapiriform foramen (Foramen infrapiriforme):
- is bordered by m. piriformis caudally - contains vasa glutea inf. - contains n. pudendus - contains a. circumflexa femoris ant. |
Infrapiriform foramen (Foramen infrapiriforme):
- contains vasa glutea inf.+ - contains n. pudendus+ |
|
|
Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum minus):
- contains a. pudenda interna - is bordered by lig. sacrotuberale dorsally - contains n. pudendus - contains terminal branches of n. cutaneus feomoris post. |
Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum minus):
- contains a. pudenda interna+ - contains n. pudendus+ |
|
|
Lacuna vasorum:
- runs between anterior and medial group of muscles of thigh - contains n. cutaneus femoris med. - contains r. femoralis n. genitofemoralis - contains vasa femoralia |
Lacuna vasorum:
- contains r. femoralis n. genitofemoralis+ - contains vasa femoralia+ |
|
|
Lacuna musculorum:
- is bordered by arcus iliopectineus medially - contains n. cutaneus femoris lat. - is bordered by m. transversus abdominis ventrally - contains vasa femoralia |
Lacuna musculorum:
- is bordered by arcus iliopectineus medially+ - contains n. cutaneus femoris lat.+ |
|
|
Femoral triangle (Trigonum femorale):
- is bordered m. adductor longus medially - contains n. ischiadicus - contains a. femoralis - runs between heads of m. adductor brevis |
Femoral triangle (Trigonum femorale):
- is bordered m. adductor longus medially+ - contains a. femoralis+ |
|
|
Adductory canal (Canalis adductorius):
- runs between portions of m. adductor magnus - contains n. ischiadicus and its branches - contains a. femoralis - distally runs between heads of m. triceps surae |
Adductory canal (Canalis adductorius):
- runs between portions of m. adductor magnus+ - contains a. femoralis+ |
|
|
Popliteal fossa (Fossa poplitea):
- is bordered by m. biceps femoris distally - contains v. popliteal - contains terminal branch of n. femoralis - its floor makes m. popliteus |
Popliteal fossa (Fossa poplitea):
- contains v. popliteal+ - its floor makes m. popliteus+ |
|
|
Musculofibular canal (Canalis musculofibularis):
- is bordered by fibula laterally - contains n. fibularis - contains a. fibularis - is bordered by m. flexor hallucis longus dorsally |
Musculofibular canal (Canalis musculofibularis):
- is bordered by fibula laterally+ - contains a. fibularis+ |
|
|
Between structures behind medial ankle (malleolus medialis) belongs:
- n. tibialis - n. fibularis - v. saphena parva - tendon of m. tibialis post. |
Between structures behind medial ankle (malleolus medialis) belongs:
- n. tibialis+ - tendon of m. tibialis post.+ |
|
|
Between structures in front of medial ankle (malleolus medialis) DOES NOT belong:
- n. suralis - n. saphenous - tendon of m. tibialis ant. - v. saphena parva |
Between structures in front of medial ankle (malleolus medialis) DOES NOT belong:
- n. suralis+ - v. saphena parva+ |
|
|
Iliopectineal fossa (Fossa iliopectinea):
- contains n. femoralis - contains a. profunda femoris - is bordered by m. iliopsoas laterally - is bordered by m. pectineus medially |
Iliopectineal fossa (Fossa iliopectinea):
- is bordered by m. iliopsoas laterally+ - is bordered by m. pectineus medially+ |
|
|
Obturatory canal (Canalis obturatorius) contains:
- n. obturatorius - vasa obturatoria - r. obturatorius a. pudendae internae - r. obturatorius n. ilioinguinalis |
Obturatory canal (Canalis obturatorius) contains:
- n. obturatorius+ - vasa obturatoria+ |
