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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Presternal region:
- is bordered by the margins of sternum+
- extends up to the osseous ends of the ribs
- it is possible to provide the sternal puncture in this region+
- is anteriorly covered only by the periosteum
Presternal region:
- is bordered by the margins of sternum+

- it is possible to provide the sternal puncture in this region+
Anterior axillary line:
- corresponds to the position of proximal segment of the cephalic vein
- runs through the anterior axillary fold+
- represents the borderline between the axilla and thorax+
- is perpendicular to the node of Sorgius
Anterior axillary line:
- runs through the anterior axillary fold+
- represents the borderline between the axilla and thorax+
Intercostal spaces:
- covers on their inner faces the endothoracic fascia+
- in their middle segments are placed intercostal lymphatic nodes
- from the 3rd one caudally do not contain the intercostalis internus
- from the 7th caudally intercostal nerves exit and descend to the abdominal wall+
Intercostal spaces:
- covers on their inner faces the endothoracic fascia+
- from the 7th caudally intercostal nerves exit and descend to the abdominal wall+
Attachments of the ribs onto the sternum:
- the 1st – 7th ribs are attached directly to the sternum +
- 1st rib has on the sternum a common attachment with the clavicle
- the 8th rib attaches on the cartilage of the 7th rib+
- the costal cartilages ossify after the 40th year
Attachments of the ribs onto the sternum:
- the 1st – 7th ribs are attached directly to the sternum +
- the 8th rib attaches on the cartilage of the 7th rib+
Pleura:
- the pleural cupula proceeds into the scaleno-vertebral triangle+
- the visceral pleura extends into the interlobar fissures+
- the parietal pleura does not have sensory innervation
- the parietal pleura joins with the visceral pleura around the opening of the pulmonary artery
Pleura:
- the pleural cupula proceeds into the scaleno-vertebral triangle+
- the visceral pleura extends into the interlobar fissures+
The borders of the lungs:
- dorsally correspond to those of the parietal pleura+
- the left interlobar fissure runs approximately along the 4th rib
- the right horizontal interlobar fissure runs along the 4th rib+
- the left inferior pulmonary lobe completely fills the costo-diaphragmatic depression
The borders of the lungs:
- dorsally correspond to those of the parietal pleura+
- the right horizontal interlobar fissure runs along the 4th rib+
The division of the mediastinum:
- corresponds to the projection of the pulmonary interlobar fissures
- the mediastinum is subdivided into the anterior, middle and posterior, a superior division does not exist
- anterior mediastinum contains the parasternal lymphatic nodes+
- whole thoracic part of the esophagus is found in the posterior mediastinum+
The division of the mediastinum:
- anterior mediastinum contains the parasternal lymphatic nodes+
- whole thoracic part of the esophagus is found in the posterior mediastinum+
Superior mediastinum:
- projects behind the manubrium sterni+
- contains remnants of thymus and large veins and arteries+
- exceeds over the 1st rib into the pleural cupula
- on the right side contains the pulmonary ligament
Superior mediastinum:
- projects behind the manubrium sterni+
- contains remnants of thymus and large veins and arteries+
Middle mediastinum:
- contains heart in the pericardial sac+
- vagus n. is located on the right side
- caudally does not extends to the diaphragm
- phrenic nerves are between the parietal pleura and pericardium +
Middle mediastinum:
- contains heart in the pericardial sac+
- phrenic nerves are between the parietal pleura and pericardium +
Abdominal regions:
- the epigastrium is a space between the anterior wall of stomach and the diaphragm
- the hypogastrium is a space between the posterior wall of stomach and anterior face of the pancreas
- the pubic region is the same area as the hypogastrium+
- the term „hypochondrium“ designates the subcostal region+
Abdominal regions:
- the pubic region is the same area as the hypogastrium+
- the term „hypochondrium“ designates the subcostal region+
Sensitive innervation of the abdominal wall:
- comes from the intercostal nerves and from some nerves of the lumbar plexus+
- comes only from the nerves of the lumbar plexus
- parietal peritoneum is on the right side innervated by the vagus n. and on the left by the sympathetic fibres
- the Head´s zones project the abdominal organs into the other body regions+
Sensitive innervation of the abdominal wall:
- comes from the intercostal nerves and from some nerves of the lumbar plexus+
- the Head´s zones project the abdominal organs into the other body regions+
Motor innervation of the abdominal muscles:
- comes from the sacral plexus
- has its sources in the intercostal nerves and partially in the lumbar plexus+
- does not come from the phrenic nerve+
- all abdominal muscles have their innervation from the dorsal rami of L1 - L5
Motor innervation of the abdominal muscles:
- has its sources in the intercostal nerves and partially in the lumbar plexus+
- does not come from the phrenic nerve+
The rectus sheath:
- does not have the same arrangement along the whole length of the muscle+
- is attached to the muscle by the tendinous intersections+
- is not covered below the umbilicus by the transverse fascia
- continues onto the thigh as the medial part of fascia lata
The rectus sheath:
- does not have the same arrangement along the whole length of the muscle+
- is attached to the muscle by the tendinous intersections+
The direct inguinal hernia:
- passes the whole inguinal canal
- passes the medial inguinal fossa+
- runs medially to the inferior epigastric vasa+
- presses in front to it the cord of umbilical artery
The direct inguinal hernia:
- passes the medial inguinal fossa+
- runs medially to the inferior epigastric vasa+
The attachment of the transverse mesocolon:
- separates the tributary regions of the coeliac trunk and the mesenteric arteries+
- separates the innervation regions of the vagus n. and the of sacral parasympathetic nn.
- crosses the descending part of the duodenum+
- separates the tributary regions of the portal vein and the azygos vein
The attachment of the transverse mesocolon:
- separates the tributary regions of the coeliac trunk and the mesenteric arteries+
- crosses the descending part of the duodenum+
Duodenum:
- consists of the descending, infra-pancreatic and the ascending part
- most of it is placed secondary retroperitoneally+
- is supplied by the branches of coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric a.+
- whole duodenum belongs to the contents of the supra-mesocolic part of the abdominal cavity
Duodenum:
- most of it is placed secondary retroperitoneally+
- is supplied by the branches of coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric a.+
Omental bursa (lesser sac):
- is located in the supra-mesocolic part of the abdominal cavity+
- is located secondary retroperitoneally
- its posterior wall represents the transversal fascia
- is developmental derivative of both the ventral and dorsal mesentery+
Omental bursa (lesser sac):
- is located in the supra-mesocolic part of the abdominal cavity+
- is developmental derivative of both the ventral and dorsal mesentery+
Hepatoduodenal ligament:
- contains the common bile duct and the portal vein+
- is another term for the round hepatic ligament
- is absent by the agenesis of the gall bladder
- represents the caudal margin of the original ventral mesentery+
Hepatoduodenal ligament:
- contains the common bile duct and the portal vein+
- represents the caudal margin of the original ventral mesentery+
Portal vein:
- originates as the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric vein+
- is located in the hepatic porta ventrally to the cystic duct
- does not receive the veins from the head of pancreas
- drains also the blood from the greater omentum+
Portal vein:
- originates as the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric vein+
- drains also the blood from the greater omentum+
Spleen:
- is located ventrally to the left colic flexure
- its long axis is parallel to the 10th rib+
- its whole surface is covered by the visceral peritoneum+
- is attached to the diaphragm by the splenocolic ligament
Spleen:
- its long axis is parallel to the 10th rib+
- its whole surface is covered by the visceral peritoneum+
Gall bladder:
- has a layer of smooth muscle cells in its wall +
- its fundus projects into the McBurney´s point
- consists of a fundus, body and neck+
- is not developed in the newborns
Gall bladder:
- has a layer of smooth muscle cells in its wall +
- consists of a fundus, body and neck+
Scapular notch (Incisura scapulae):
- is a notch on lateral edge of the scapula
- contains the vasa suprascapularis
- is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament+
- contains the n. suprascapularis+
Scapular notch (Incisura scapulae):
- is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament+
- contains the n. suprascapularis+
Omotricipital foramen (Foramen omotricipitale):
- is bordered by the humerus medially
- is bordered by the m. teres minor proximally+
- contains the vasa circumflexa scapulae+
- contains the n. infrascapularis
Omotricipital foramen (Foramen omotricipitale):
- is bordered by the m. teres minor proximally+
- contains the vasa circumflexa scapulae+
Humerotricipital foramen (Foramen humerotricipitale):
- is bordered by the humerus medially
- is bordered by the m. teres major distally+
- contains the n. axillaris+
- contains the a. circumflexa humeri ant.
Humerotricipital foramen (Foramen humerotricipitale):
- is bordered by the m. teres major distally+
- contains the n. axillaris+
Axilla:
- is hexagonal pyramid shaped
- is ventrally bordered by the m. pectoralis major+
- is medially bordered by the humerus and its muscles
- contains terminal part of the a. subclavia+
Axilla:
- is ventrally bordered by the m. pectoralis major+
- contains terminal part of the a. subclavia+
Medial bicipital groove (Sulcus bicipitalis medialis):
- runs between the anterior and lateral group of muscles of the arm
- contains the n. cutaneus antebrachii med.+
- contains the v. basilica+
- contains terminal branches of the n. musculocutaneus
Medial bicipital groove (Sulcus bicipitalis medialis):
- contains the n. cutaneus antebrachii med.+
- contains the v. basilica+
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis):
- is medially bordered by the m. pronator teres+
- contains the n. cutaneus antebrachii lat.
- is proximally bordered the m. biceps brachii+
- contains terminal branches of the n. axillaris
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis):
- is medially bordered by the m. pronator teres+
- is proximally bordered the m. biceps brachii+
Pronatory canal (Canalis pronatorius):
- runs between the heads of m. supinator
- contains the n. medianus+
- contains the a. brachialis
- runs between heads of the m. flexor digitorum spf.
Pronatory canal (Canalis pronatorius):
- contains the n. medianus+
- runs between heads of the m. flexor digitorum spf.+
Supinatory canal (Canalis supinatorius):
- runs between portions of the m. supinator+
- contains the n. radialis and its branches+
- contains the a. brachialis and its branches
- runs between portions of the m. flexor digitorum prof.
Supinatory canal (Canalis supinatorius):
- runs between portions of the m. supinator+
- contains the n. radialis and its branches+
Foveola radialis:
- is bordered by the m. flexor pollicis longus distally
- contains the v. basilica
- contains the r. superficialis n. radialis+
- is bordered by the m. abductor pollicis longus palmary+
Foveola radialis:
- contains the r. superficialis n. radialis+
- is bordered by the m. abductor pollicis longus palmary+
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi):
- is bordered by the ossa carpi ulnari+
- contains the n. ulnaris
- contains the n. medianus+
- is bordered by the lig. carpi obliquum palmary
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi):
- is bordered by the ossa carpi ulnari+
- contains the n. medianus+
Ulnar canal (Canalis ulnaris):
- contains the n. ulnaris+
- is bordered by the lig. pisohamatum dorsally
- is bordered by the m. palmaris brevis palmary
- contains the a. ulnaris+
Ulnar canal (Canalis ulnaris):
- contains the n. ulnaris+
- contains the a. ulnaris+
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis) contains:
- n. radialis+
- n. ulnaris
- n. medianus+
- n. axillaris
Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis) contains:
- n. radialis+
- n. medianus+
Axilla contains:
- n. radialis+
- n. suprascapularis
- n. infrascapularis
- n. ulnaris+
Axilla contains:
- n. radialis+
- n. ulnaris+
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi) contains:
- tendons of the m. flexor digitorum spf.+
- tendons of the m. flexor digitorum prof.+
- the r. profundus n. ulnaris
- the r. profundus n. radialis
Carpal canal (Canalis carpi) contains:
- tendons of the m. flexor digitorum spf.+
- tendons of the m. flexor digitorum prof.+
Spinoglenoidal notch (Incisura spinoglenoidalis):
- contains the n. suprascapularis+
- contains the vasa suprascapularia+
Spinoglenoidal notch (Incisura spinoglenoidalis):
- contains the n. suprascapularis+
- contains the vasa suprascapularia+
Gretear sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum majus):
- is bordered by the lig. sacrospinale medially
- is bordered by the lig. sacrotuberale caudally
- contains the vasa glutea sup.+
- contains the vasa glutea inf.+
Gretear sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum majus):
- contains the vasa glutea sup.+
- contains the vasa glutea inf.+
Suprapiriform foramen (Foramen suprapiriforme):
- is bordered by the m. piriformis caudally+
- contains the n. gluteus sup.+
- contains the vasa circumflexa femoris post.
- contains the n. suprapiriformis
Suprapiriform foramen (Foramen suprapiriforme):
- is bordered by the m. piriformis caudally+
- contains the n. gluteus sup.+
Infrapiriform foramen (Foramen infrapiriforme):
- is bordered by the m. piriformis caudally
- contains the vasa glutea inf.+
- contains the n. pudendus+
- contains the a. circumflexa femoris ant.
Infrapiriform foramen (Foramen infrapiriforme):
- contains the vasa glutea inf.+
- contains the n. pudendus+
Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum minus):
- contains the a. pudenda interna+
- is bordered by the lig. sacrotuberale dorsally
- contains the n. pudendus+
- contains the terminal branches of the n. cutaneus feomoris post.
Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum minus):
- contains the a. pudenda interna+
- contains the n. pudendus+
Lacuna vasorum:
- runs between anterior and medial group of muscles of thigh
- contains the n. cutaneus femoris med.
- contains the r. femoralis n. genitofemoralis+
- contains the vasa femoralia+
Lacuna vasorum:
- contains the r. femoralis n. genitofemoralis+
- contains the vasa femoralia+
Lacuna musculorum:
- is bordered by the arcus iliopectineus medially+
- contains n. cutaneus femoris lat.+
- is bordered by the m. transversus abdominis ventrally
- contains the vasa femoralia
Lacuna musculorum:
- is bordered by the arcus iliopectineus medially+
- contains n. cutaneus femoris lat.+
Femoral triangle (Trigonum femorale):
- is bordered by the m. adductor longus medially+
- contains the n. ischiadicus
- contains the a. femoralis+
- runs between heads of the m. adductor brevis
Femoral triangle (Trigonum femorale):
- is bordered by the m. adductor longus medially+
- contains the a. femoralis+
Adductory canal (Canalis adductorius):
- runs between portions of the m. adductor magnus+
- contains the n. ischiadicus and its branches
- contains the a. femoralis+
- distally runs between heads of the m. triceps surae
Adductory canal (Canalis adductorius):
- runs between portions of the m. adductor magnus+
- contains the a. femoralis+
Popliteal fossa (Fossa poplitea):
- is bordered by the m. biceps femoris distally
- contains the v. popliteal+
- contains terminal branch of the n. femoralis
- its floor makes the m. popliteus+
Popliteal fossa (Fossa poplitea):
- contains the v. popliteal+
- its floor makes the m. popliteus+
Musculofibular canal (Canalis musculofibularis):
- is bordered by the fibula laterally+
- contains the n. fibularis
- contains the a. fibularis+
- is bordered by the m. flexor hallucis longus dorsally
Musculofibular canal (Canalis musculofibularis):
- is bordered by the fibula laterally+
- contains the a. fibularis+
Between structures behind medial ankle (malleolus medialis) belongs:
- n. tibialis+
- n. fibularis
- v. saphena parva
- tendon of the m. tibialis post.+
Between structures behind medial ankle (malleolus medialis) belongs:
- n. tibialis+
- tendon of the m. tibialis post.+
Between structures in front of medial ankle (malleolus medialis) DOES NOT belong:
- n. suralis+
- n. saphenous
- tendon of m. tibialis ant.
- v. saphena parva+
Between structures in front of medial ankle (malleolus medialis) DOES NOT belong:
- n. suralis+
- v. saphena parva+
Between structures behind lateral ankle (malleolus lateralis) DOES NOT belongs:
- v. saphena magna+
- n. suralis
- v. saphena parva
- n. saphenous+
Between structures behind lateral ankle (malleolus lateralis) DOES NOT belongs:
- v. saphena magna+
- n. saphenous+
Iliopectineal fossa (Fossa iliopectinea):
- contains the n. femoralis
- contains the a. profunda femoris
- is bordered by the m. iliopsoas laterally+
- is bordered by the m. pectineus medially+
Iliopectineal fossa (Fossa iliopectinea):
- is bordered by the m. iliopsoas laterally+
- is bordered by the m. pectineus medially+
Obturator canal (Canalis obturatorius) contains:
- n. obturatorius+
- vasa obturatoria+
- r. obturatorius a. pudendae internae
- r. obturatorius n. ilioinguinalis
Obturator canal (Canalis obturatorius) contains:
- n. obturatorius+
- vasa obturatoria+