Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Microsporidiosis mostly affects which population?
|
AIDS pts
|
|
|
What population(s) needs to worry about Toxoplasmosis?
|
AIDS pts - encephalitis
Pregnant women - crosses placenta |
|
|
How do you contract Toxoplasmosis?
|
Infected meats - pork
Oocytes in cats |
|
|
What is the vector for babesiosis?
|
Ixodes tick
|
|
|
What population has a higher risk of fatality with Babesiosis?
|
People without spleens
|
|
|
Babesia microti infect what types of cells
|
RBCs
|
|
|
What is the best method to observe Microsporidia?
|
tEM
|
|
|
What vector carries malaria?
|
Anopheles mosquito
|
|
|
Which malaria species is the most fatal?
Why? |
Plasmodium falciparum
CNS involvement |
|
|
In what stage do Plasmodium species infect RBCs?
|
merozoites
|
|
|
For malaria, what part of the reproductive cycle takes place in humans? in mosquitos?
|
humans - asexual
mosquitos - sexual |
|
|
This organism can cause dysentery
|
Entaameoeba histolytica
ENTaameoba cause dysENTery |
|
|
This organism causes meningitis
|
Naegleria fowleri
|
|
|
Which organism should you worry about contracting as a contact lens wearer?
|
Acanthamoeba
|
|
|
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis is caused by?
|
Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris
|
|
|
What is different about the life cycle in cryptosporidium versus the other coccidians(cyclospora and isospora)?
|
Sporogony is in the host
|
|
|
Which coccidian is common in AIDS pts?
|
Isospora belli
|
|
|
Balantidium coli causes what type of infection?
|
Large intestine epithelium
Abd pain, diarrhea |
|
|
What causes traveler's or backpacker's diarrhea?
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
|
Which parasite causes vaginitis?
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
The trophozoite from this can be seen motile upon culture collection?
|
Trichomonas
|
|
|
This parasite has no cysts!
It replicates by binary fission |
Trichomonas
|
|
|
Most common helminth infection in the US
|
Enterbius vermicularis
pinworm |
|
|
In this organism, the female migrates from the colon to the perianal region to deposit eggs
|
Enterobius vermicularis
Scotch tape test! |
|
|
What is characterized by anal pruritis, esp at night?
|
Enterobiasis
|
|
|
What is a common symptom with any helminth infection?
|
Eosinophilia
|
|
|
The larva of trichuris infects where?
|
Small Intestine
ingestion of eggs |
|
|
Which worm hatches in the small intestine, migrates to the lungs as a larva, ascends the bronchial tree and is swallowed to mature in the small intestine?
|
Ascaris lumbricoides
Roundworm Takes a round about way |
|
|
How do the hookworms infect humans?
|
Penetrate the skin
Hook into the host |
|
|
Where is the larva located in a hookworm infection?
The adult? |
Larva penetrate skin and are carried by the blood to the lungs. Get coughed up and travel to
Small Intestine to mature as adult |
|
|
How does strongyloides infect humans?
|
Penetrates the skin
Travel through blood to lungs Then, pentrate lungs and travel to duodenal mucosa Strong enough to penetrate! |
|
|
What infection presents with peptic ulcer symptoms with peripheral eosinophilia?
|
Strongyloides stercoralis
|
|
|
What two organisms are transmitted through eating their larvae in pork?
|
Trichinella spiralis
Taenia solium |
|
|
Which organism can lead to the symptom of Splinter hemorrhages?
|
Trichinella spiralis
|
|
|
Which organism becomes encysted in striated muscle?
|
Trichinella spiralis
|
|
|
Having puppies apparently puts you at risk(or your children) for this
|
Toxocara canis
|
|
|
Visceral larva migrans is caused by what?
|
Toxocara canis / cati
|
|
|
This parasitic infection can be misdiagnosed as Retinoblastoma
|
Ocular larva migrans
Toxocara canis |
|
|
Toxocara canis/cati manifest in 2 ways
|
Visceral larva migrans - usually adults
Ocular larva migrans - usually kids |
|
|
This organism does not lay eggs
|
Wuchereria bancrofti
(Elephantitis - just think elephants don't lay eggs!) |
|
|
Wuchereria bancrofti causes this disease
|
Filariasis
Elephantitis |
|
|
What is the vector for a filariasis infection?
|
Mosquitos
|
|
|
Filariasis primarily affects which body system
|
Lymphatics
|
|
|
What is important to remember when culturing for a filarial infection?
|
Timing!
Nocturnal periodicity |
|
|
What are you looking for in culture to diagnose a filariasis infection?
|
Microfilariae in blood
|
|
|
What is the vector for a Mansonella infection?
|
Midges
Black flies |
|
|
Classic symptom for Onchocerca volvulus?
|
Blindness (river blindness disease)
|
|
|
What is the vector for onchocerca volvulus
|
Black fly
|
|
|
What is the vector for a Loa Loa infection
|
Mango fly
|
|
|
Name 2 key symptoms for a Loa Loa infection
|
Calabar swellings(characteristic for loiasis)
Worm migrating across their eye (but causing no visual deficits) |
|
|
What is important to consider when culturing for a diagnosis of loa loa?
|
Timing!
Diurnal periodicity |
|
|
How would you contract dracunculiasis?
|
Ingestion of larvae-infected copepods/crustaceans
or drinking infected water |
|
|
Classic symptom for dracunculiasis infection
|
Painful blister or ulcer containing the worm
|
|
|
Moses fiery serpant
|
Dracunculiasis
|
|
|
Most common tapeworm worldwide
|
Hymenolepis nana
dwarf tapeworm |
|
|
What tapeworm is found worldwide in contaminated grain products
|
Hymenolepis diminuta
rat tapeworm |
|
|
How do you contract diphyllobothriasis
|
Ingestion of larvae in fish
FISH tapeworm |
|
|
Which tapeworm can lead to a Vitamin B12 deficiency?
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
|
|
|
What is sparganosis?
How do you get it? |
Subcutaneous infection of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms - painful in eye
Drinking water with infected crustaceans |
|
|
How do you develop taeniasis?
|
Eating infected beef or pork
|
|
|
More serious taeniasis infection?
|
Taenia solium!
can develop cysticercosis |
|
|
What organism can lead to cysticercosis
|
Taenia solium
|
|
|
How is a cystercosis infection different from a "normal" taenia solium infection?
|
Humans ingest the EGGS versus the larvae
|
|
|
Clinical symptom of Echinococcosis
|
Space-occupying hydatid cysts
|
|
|
Double pored dog tapeworm
|
Dipylidium caninum
|
|
|
These 2 organisms can lead to cancer development!
|
Schistosoma haematobium - squamous cell cancer of bladder
Clonorchis sinensis - cancer of biliary tract |
|
|
How does Schistosoma infect humans
|
Larvae/Cercariae mature in snail
Penetrate skin of human in FRESHWATER Shed forked tails (schistosomulae) |
|
|
Where do adult schistosomas infect
|
superior mesenteric veins (mansoni and japonicum)
venous plexus of bladder or rectum (haematobium) |
|
|
What environment do flukes like?
|
FLUKES = FRESHWATER
|
|
|
Which fluke causes liver rot?
|
Fasciola hepatica
|
|
|
As a general rule, what organism serves as the intermediate host for flukes?
|
Snails
|
|
|
Which organism's eggs have no operculum (lid)
|
Schistosoma
|
|
|
Largest intestinal fluke in humans
|
Fasciolopsis buski
|
|
|
What two organisms can be found encysted as larvae on aquatic plants
|
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica |
|
|
Which fluke might you contract if you eat infected freshwater fish?
|
Clonorchis sinesis
poss. bilary cancer |
|
|
Which fluke might you contract if you eat infected freswater crayfish?
|
Paragonimus westermani
|
|
|
Which fluke infects the lungs and is associated with "rusty sputum"
|
Paragonimus westermani
|
|
|
What is the vector for African trypanosomiasis
|
Tsetse fly
|
|
|
Infective stage for trypanosoma
|
Trypomastigotes
|
|
|
Signs of African Trypanosomiasis
|
painful skin ulcer
posterior cervical lymph swelling sleepiness |
|
|
What is the vector for Chaga's disease
|
"Kissing" bug
Reduviid |
|
|
Where geographically could you develop Chaga's disease
|
rural South America and Mexico
|
|
|
What stage of trypanosoma infects cells?
|
Amastigotes
|
|
|
Signs of Chaga's disease
|
Romana's sign - puffy eye
hepatosplenomegaly meningo-encephalitis myocarditis megacolon |
|
|
What is the vector for Leishmania
|
Sand Fly
|
|
|
What causes visceral leishmaniasis
|
Leishmania donovani complex
|
|
|
What causes cutaneous leishmaniasis
|
Leishmania tropica complex
|
|
|
What causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
|
Leishmania braziliensis complex
|
|
|
Sign of cutaneous leishmaniasis
|
cutaneous lesion at bite site
secondary ulcer possible |
|
|
Diagnostic stage for Leishmaniasis
|
Amastigotes in blood smears
|
|
|
Signs of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
|
Skin ulcers and involvement of mucosa - like oral or nasal mucosa
|
|
|
Symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis
|
fever
hepatosplenomegaly post kal-azar dermal granuloma |
|
|
Leishmania that is opportunistic for HIV population
|
Visceral leishmaniasis
|
|
|
What gene mutation will probably protect you from malaria
|
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassaemias |
|
|
Most common malaria strand worldwide
|
Plasmodium vivax
|
