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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risk factors and how to assess osteoporosis
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Diet
Physical Activity Reproductive Status Smoking, Alcohol Immobility Systemic Illness Age, Sex, Meds, Genetics Test with DEXA SCAN |
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What pathologic processes increase risk for osteoporosis
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Dx of increased PTH: HyperPTH
Malignancy Dx of Decrease in Vit D Cushing's DM1 Adrenal Insufficiency Dx of Sex hormones Anorexia Beta Thalassemia |
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Describe the role of male gonadal hormones in determining peak bone density
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Timing and onset of puberty,
Testosterone increases the size and strength of bones and increase bone density |
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Describe Risk factors for male osteoporosis
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Hypogonadism
Renal Calcium Leak HyperProlactinemia Chronic Alcoholism |
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Tx Options for male osteoporosis
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Androgens are given vs estrogen replacement therapy for girls. Teriparatide, which is an rPTH is also given as a daily injection
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describe the timing of puberty with the determination of peak bone density
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delayed puberty = impaired peak bone density
Constitutional delay have lower bone densities compared to normal onset puberty. once epiphyseal plates close, the ability to increase bone density decreases. |
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Describe the clinical presentation of hypercalcemia
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hypertension and bradycardia
proximal muscle weaknes bony tenderness to palpation anorexia or nausia hyperreflexia/tongue fasciculations lethargy/stupor |
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Describe the clinical presentation of Hypocalcemia
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TETANY
numbness and tingling of extremities carpopedal spasm laryngeal stridor tremor/chorea siezures |
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Describe the clinical presentation of vit D deficiency
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Similar to hypocalcemia
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Describe the clinical presentation of bone matrix abnormalities
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osteoporosis: fractures of the spine, wrist, and hip.
vertebral bodies are crushed, resulting in loss of height Osteomalacia: weakness, fracture, pain, anorexia, weight loss |
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Describe the clinical presentation of Paget's Disease
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increased skeletol warmth
bowing deformities hyperexpansion of the skull spinal cord compression Hearing loss due to compression of the cochlear nerve |
